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BOTANY > Anatomy Of Flowering Plants [NCERT] > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Flowering Plants [NCERT] Flashcards

1
Q

The meristems which occur at the tips of roots and shoots and
produce primary tissues are called

A

apical meristems

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2
Q

During the
formation of leaves and elongation of stem, some cells ‘left behind’ from
shoot apical meristem, constitute the

A

axillary bud.

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3
Q

Axillary Buds are present in the axils of leaves and are capable of forming

A

a branch or a flower.

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4
Q

The

meristem which occurs between mature tissues is known as

A

intercalary

meristem

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5
Q

Both apical meristems and intercalary meristems are

primary meristems because .

A

they appear early in life of a plant and

contribute to the formation of the primary plant body

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6
Q

The meristem that occurs in the mature regions of roots and shoots of
many plants, particularly those that produce woody axis and appear
later than primary meristem is called

A

the secondary or lateral meristem.

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7
Q

Lateral Meristem are..

A

cylindrical meristems. Fascicular vascular cambium,
interfascicular cambium and cork-cambium are examples of lateral
meristems. These are responsible for producing the secondary tissues.

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8
Q

the newly formed cells become structurally and functionally

specialised and lose the ability to divide. Such cells are termed

A

permanent

or mature cells and constitute the permanent tissues

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9
Q

During the
formation of the primary plant body, specific regions of the apical meristem
produce

A

dermal tissues, ground tissues and vascular tissues.

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10
Q

Permanent tissues having all cells

similar in structure and function are called

A

simple

tissues.

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11
Q

Permanent tissues having many different

types of cells are called

A

complex tissues

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12
Q

A simple tissue is made of only —— type of cells.

A

one

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13
Q

The various simple tissues in plants are

A

parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma

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14
Q

_______ forms the major

component within organs

A

Parenchyma

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15
Q

The cells of the

parenchyma are generally

A

isodiametric.

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16
Q

The walls of Parenchyma are

A

thin and made

up of cellulose.

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17
Q

Shape of Parenchyma

A

They
may be spherical, oval, round, polygonal or
elongated in shape

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18
Q

parenchyma packaging?

A

They may either be closely packed

or have small intercellular spaces

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19
Q

The

parenchyma performs various functions like

A

photosynthesis, storage, secretion.

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20
Q

The _____ occurs in layers below the
epidermis in most of the dicotyledonous plants. It is
found either as a homogeneous layer or in patches.

A

collenchyma

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21
Q

collenchyma consists of cells which are

A

much thickened at the
corners due to a deposition of cellulose,
hemicellulose and pectin.

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22
Q

Collenchymatous cells

may be

A

oval, spherical or polygonal and often

contain chloroplasts.

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23
Q

intercellular spaces in collenchyma?

A

absent

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24
Q

function of collenchymtous cells

A

provide mechanical support to the
growing parts of the plant such as young stem and
petiole of a leaf.

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25
Q

Sclerenchyma consists of

A

long, narrow cells
with thick and lignified cell walls having a few or
numerous pits

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26
Q

Sclerenchyma cells are dead/alive, w/ or w/o protoplast?

A

usually dead, without protoplasts

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27
Q

sclerenchyma may be either

A

fibres or sclereids

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28
Q

sclerenchyma fibres are

A

thick-walled, elongated and pointed cells,
generally occuring in groups, in various parts of
the plant.

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29
Q

sclerenchyma sclereids are

A

spherical, oval or

cylindrical, highly thickened dead cells with very narrow lumen.

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30
Q

Sclerenchyma provides

A

mechanical support

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31
Q

The complex tissues are made of _____ type of cells

and these work together as a unit

A

more than one

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32
Q

__________ constitute the complex tissues in plants.

A

Xylem & Phloem

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33
Q

Xylem is composed of

A

tracheids, vessels, xylem

fibres and xylem parenchyma.

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34
Q

Gymnosperms lack which Xylem component (s)

A

Vessels.

35
Q

Function of Xylem

A

conducting tissue for water and
minerals from roots to the stem and leaves. It also provides
mechanical strength to the plant parts

36
Q

In flowering plants, ___________ are the main water transporting elements

A

tracheids

and vessels

37
Q

Tracheids, dead/alive, w/ or w/o protoplasm?

A

dead, w/o protoplasm

38
Q

Basic shape/str. of Tracheids?

A

Tracheids are elongated or tube like cells with

thick and lignified walls and tapering ends.

39
Q

The presence of vessels is a characteristic feature

of

A

angiosperms

40
Q

__________ have highly thickened walls and

obliterated central lumens

A

Xylem fibres

41
Q

shape/str. of xylem vessel

A

Vessel is
a long cylindrical tube-like structure made up of many cells
called vessel members, each with lignified walls and a large
central cavity.

42
Q

do vessel cells have protoplasm?

A

no

43
Q

Vessel members are interconnected through ______________________

A

perforations in their

common walls

44
Q

Xylem fibres are septate or aseptate?

A

either

45
Q

___________ (xylem) cells are living and thin-walled,

A

Xylem parenchyma

46
Q

Xylem parenchyma cells are made up of

A

cellulose

47
Q

xylem parenchyma store food in the form of

A

in the form of starch or fat, and other substances like

tannin

48
Q

The radial conduction of water takes place by the

A

ray

parenchymatous cells.

49
Q

Primary xylem is of two types –

A

(first formed) protoxylem and

(later formed) metaxylem

50
Q

in stems, the protoxylem lies towards the

A

centre (pith)

51
Q

in stems, the metaxylem lies towards the

A

periphery of the organ

52
Q

in roots, the protoxylem lies towards the

A

periphery

53
Q

in roots, the metaxylem lies towards the

A

centre

54
Q

Protoxylem towards centre & metaxylem towards periphery, such arrangement of primary xylem is called

A

endarch

55
Q

metaxylem towards centre & protoxylem towards periphery, such arrangement of primary xylem is called

A

exarch

56
Q

Phloem in angiosperms is composed of

A

sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres

57
Q

Phloem transports

A

Food materials usually from leaves to other parts of the plant.

58
Q

Phloem in gymnosperms have

A

Albuminous cells and sieve cells. [they LACK sieve tubes and companion cells.]

59
Q

Basic shape/str. of Sieve tube elements-

A

long, tube-like structures, arranged longitudinally . Their end walls are perforated in a
sieve-like manner to form the sieve plates

60
Q

Sieve tube elements are

associated with the

A

companion cells

61
Q

A mature sieve element

possesses,

A

a peripheral cytoplasm and a large vacuole but lacks a nucleus.

62
Q

The functions of sieve tubes are controlled by the

A

nucleus of companion

cells.

63
Q

The sieve tube elements

and companion cells are connected by

A

pit fields present between their

common longitudinal walls

64
Q

_________ help in maintaining the

pressure gradient in the sieve tubes

A

The companion cells

65
Q

Phloem parenchyma is made up

of

A

elongated, tapering cylindrical cells which have dense cytoplasm and
nucleus.

66
Q

The cell wall of Phloem Parenchyma is composed of

A

of cellulose and has pits through which

plasmodesmatal connections exist between the cells.

67
Q

The phloem

parenchyma stores

A

food material and other substances like resins, latex

and mucilage.

68
Q

Phloem parenchyma is absent in most of the

A

monocotyledons.

69
Q

Phloem fibres (bast fibres) are made up of

A

sclerenchymatous cells.

70
Q

Phloem fibres are generally absent in ______________ but are found in ______________

A

primary phloem; secondary phloem

71
Q

Basic shape/str. of Phloem fibres -

A

These are much elongated,

unbranched and have pointed, needle like apices. Thick cell wall.

72
Q

What happens to Phloem Fibres at maturity

A

these fibres lose their protoplasm and

become dead.

73
Q

Phloem fibres of _________________ are used commercially

A

jute, flax and hemp

74
Q

The first formed primary phloem consists of narrow sieve tubes and is called

A

protophloem

75
Q

later formed phloem has bigger sieve

tubes and is called

A

metaphloem.

76
Q

On the basis of their structure and location, there are 3 types
of tissue systems.

A
  1. Epidermal tissue system
  2. The ground or
    fundamental tissue system
  3. vascular or conducting tissue system.
77
Q

The epidermal tissue system forms the

A

outer-most covering of the whole

plant body

78
Q

The epidermal tissue system comprises of

A

epidermal cells, stomata and the epidermal

appendages – the trichomes and hairs

79
Q

The outermost layer of primary plant body

A

The Epidermis.

80
Q

Epidermis is made up of

A

elongated, compactly arranged cells, which form a continuous layer. Usually single-layered.

81
Q

The outside of the

epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the

A

cuticle

82
Q

cuticle prevents

A

loss of water

83
Q

cuticle is absent in

A

roots

84
Q

In grasses,

the guard cells are

A

dumb-bell shaped.

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