CELL DIVERSITY IN PLANTS Flashcards
State some adaptations of palisade cells
They are long and cylindrical, so that they pack together quite closely but with a little space between them for air to circulate
large vacuole so that the chloroplasts are positioned nearer to the periphery of the cell, reducing the distance for carbon dioxide
they contain many chloroplasts, to carry out photosynthesis
They contain cytoskeleton threads and motor proteins to move chloroplasts nearer to the upper surface of the leaf when the sunlight intensity is low but further down when it is high
Where are the guard cells located
lower epidermis
what do guard cells not contain
chloroplasts so they can’t carry out photosynthesis as they do not have the enzymes needed for the second stage of the process
What is used to make ATP
Light energy
What does ATP do
it actively transports potassium ions from surrounding epidermal cells into the guard cells from neighbouring epidermal cells
How can the oxygen produced during photosynthesis diffuse out of the palisade cell
Through the open stomata
What are root hair cells
they are epidermal cells on the outer layer of young plant roots
state some adaptations of root hair cells
the hair-like projections greatly increases the surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions from the cell
mineral ions are actively transported into the root hair cells lowering the water potential within them and causing water to follow by osmosis down the water-potential gradient
the root hair cells have special carrier proteins in the plasma membranes in order to actively transport the mineral ions in
