cell diversity and membrane transport

Question 1

cells that fight disease

Answer 1

white blood cells (a phagocytic cell): digests infectious microorganisms.

Question 2

cells that store nutrients

Answer 2

fat cells: lipid droplets stored in cytoplasm

Question 3

cells that gather info / control function

Answer 3

nerve cell (neuron): receives/transmits messages to structures

Question 4

cells of reproduction (female)

Answer 4

oocyte (female): largest cell in the body, divides to become embryo during fertilization.

Question 5

cells of reproduction (male)

Answer 5

sperm: built for swimming to the egg for fertilization, flagellum acts as a mobile whip.

Question 6

abilities of the cell

Answer 6

metabolize, digest food, dispose wastes, reproduce, grow, move, respond to stimuli.

Question 7

solution

Answer 7

homogeneous mixture of two or more components.

Question 8

solvent

Answer 8

dissolving medium present in larger quantities, body’s main solvent is WATER.

Question 9

solute

Answer 9

components in smaller quantities within a solution (the component being dissolved)

Question 10

intracellular fluid

Answer 10

nucleoplasm / cytosol, contains gasses, nutrients / salts in water.

Question 11

extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid)

Answer 11

fluid on the exterior of the cell, contains ingredients: hormones/neurotransmitters, salts, waste, and nutrients.

Question 12

selectively permeable

Answer 12

cell membrane is selectively permeable. meaning that it allows some material to pass through, while others can’t

Question 13

2 methods of transport

Answer 13

passive processes, active processes.

Question 14

passive processes

Answer 14

doesn’t require ATP (energy)

Question 15

active processes

Answer 15

requires ATP (energy)

Question 16

diffusion

Answer 16

high to low concentration, distributes themselves equally, kinetic/random movement, size and temperature affect speed of diffusion.

Question 17

filtration

Answer 17

While diffusion and osmosis rely on concentration gradients, filtration uses a pressure gradient. Molecules will move from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.

Question 18

simple diffusion

Answer 18

unassisted movement of solutes, solutes are lipid soluble or small enough to pass through pores.

Question 19

osmosis (type of simple diffusion)

Answer 19

water across a selectively permeable membrane, highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins, water moves down its concentration gradient.

Question 20

isotonic solution

Answer 20

have SAME solute/water concentrations as cells, cells gain/lose water at the same rate.

Question 21

hypertonic solution

Answer 21

contains MORE SOLUTES than cells, water drawn OUT of the cell.

Question 22

hypotonic solution

Answer 22

contains FEWER SOLUTES (more water) than cells, water is drawn INTO the cell.