4b... LETS GOOO

Question 1

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 1

skin (cutaneous membrane), skin appendages

Question 2

what are the skin appendages?

Answer 2

sweat/oil glands, hair and nails

Question 2

what are the functions of the integumentary system

Answer 2

insulates/cushions deeper body organs, protects the entire body, regulates heat loss as controlled by the nervous system, acts as a mini-excretory system, synthesizes vitamin D, secretion’s create a protective acid mantle.

Question 3

what does the integumentary system protect the body from?

Answer 3

mechanical damage, chemical damage, thermal damage, ultraviolet/radiation, microbes, water loss

Question 3

sweat aids in the loss of what?

Answer 3

urea, salts, water

Question 3

What are the two kinds of tissue that the skin is composed of?

Answer 3

epidermis, dermis

Question 3

what does the subcutaneous tissue do?

Answer 3

anchors the skin to underlying organs, serves as a shock absorber and insulates deeper tissues.

Question 3

what is subcutaneous tissue composed mainly of?

Answer 3

adipose tissue

Question 4

What is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelium, 5 layers of strata

Question 5

what is the deepest layer of epidermis

Answer 5

stratum basale

Question 6

where does the stratum basale lie?

Answer 6

next to the dermis

Question 7

epidermis characteristics

Answer 7

most cells are called keratinocytes which produce a fibrous protein called keratin, avascular

Question 8

epidermis characteristics

Answer 8

most cells are called keratinocytes which produce a fibrous protein called keratin, avascular

Question 9

what connects keratinocytes together?

Answer 9

desmosomes

Question 10

what makes the epidermis tough?

Answer 10

keratinization

Question 11

order of strata layers from deepest to most superficial

Answer 11

stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum (thick, hairless skin only), corneum

Question 12

how are stratum basale anchored to each other?

Answer 12

wavy borderline with dermis

Question 13

what do stratum basale cells do?

Answer 13

undergo mitosis, daughter cells are pushed upward to become more superficial layers

Question 14

what do stratum spinosum cells do?

Answer 14

become increasingly flatter and more keratinized.

Question 15

how are stratum lucidum formed?

Answer 15

from dead cells of the deeper strata

Question 16

where does stratum lucidum occur?

Answer 16

only in thick hairless skin of palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 17

what is the stratum corneum?

Answer 17

outermost layer of epidermis

Question 18

what are stratum corneum cells like?

Answer 18

shingle like dead cells are filled with keratin (protective protein prevents water loss from skin).

Question 19

what is melanin?

Answer 19

a pigment produced by melanocytes

Question 20

where are melanocytes found mostly?

Answer 20

the stratum basale

Question 21

what colors are melanin

Answer 21

yellow, brown, black

Question 22

epidermal dendritic cells

Answer 22

alert and activate cells to a threat (bacterial/viral invasion)

Question 23

what are merkel cells associated with?

Answer 23

sensory nerve endings

Question 24

what do merkel cells serve as?

Answer 24

touch receptors called merkel disks

Question 25

what are the characteristics of dermis?

Answer 25

connective tissue, underlies epidermis, has two regions

Question 26

what are the two regions of dermis?

Answer 26

papillary, reticular

Question 27

what does the papillary layer contain?

Answer 27

projections called dermal papillae, aereolar connective tissue

Question 28

what does the dermis do to the epidermis

Answer 28

indents it

Question 29

what does the dermal papillae contain

Answer 29

many contain capillary loops, and others house pain and touch receptors

Question 30

what does the papillae do?

Answer 30

on palms and soles, it increases friction and gripping ability, fingers are identifying films of sweat.

Question 31

what does the reticular layer consist of?

Answer 31

dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, sweat/oil glands, deep pressure receptors (lamellar corpuscles)

Question 32

other dermal features

Answer 32

cutaneous sensory receptors, phagocytes, collagen and elastic fibers, blood vessels, nerve supply