Cell differentiation + Specialisation

Question 1

In multicellular organisms, what are cells like?

CELLS ARE () TO () SPECIFIC ()

Answer 1

In multicellular organisms, cells are specialized to perform specific functions

Question 2

What is the process by which each cell develops into a specialised cell?

Answer 2

Cell differentiation

Question 3

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 3

Cell differentiation is the process by which each cell develops into a specialised cell suited to the role it will carry out, once matured

Question 4

Single celled organisms perform all functions, what is a limitation of this?

Answer 4

Single celled can carry perform all functions, but cannot be totally efficient with all functions

Question 5

Why can single celled organisms not carry out all functions efficiently?

Answer 5

Each function that a single celled organism performs requires a different type of cellular structure, enzyme and proteins, which single celled organisms do not have.

As a result single celled organisms cannot carry out the functions efficiently

Question 6

What is an organism like in the early stages of development?

Answer 6

In early development, an organism is made up of a tiny ball of cells

Question 7

As an organism matures, what happens?

Answer 7

As an organism matures, each cell takes its own characteristics that adapt it to the function that it will perform

Question 8

Where do all cells in an organism derive by?

Answer 8

All cells in an organism derive by mitotic divisions of the fertilised egg

Question 9

What are 3 features of cells before cell specialisation?

Answer 9

1) All contain the exact same genes
2) Every cell is capable of making every specialised cell the body can produce
3) In early development, organism is a tiny ball of cells which are all identical

Question 10

Why do different types of cells produce specific proteins needed for their function, even though all cells contain the same genes?

Answer 10

The answer is that, although all cells contain all genes, only certain genes are expressed (switched on) in any one cell, at any one time

Question 11

What are the states genes can be? (2 marks

Hint: switch

Answer 11

Some genes can be permanently expressed (switched on) or permanently not expressed (switched off)

Question 12

Do differentiated cells differ?
If yes, often how do they differ?
If yes, why do they differ?

{3 marks}

Answer 12

Differentiated cells differ, often visibly because there are different proteins produced

Question 13

Proteins that a cell produces are coded for by? (2 marks)

Answer 13

Proteins that a cell produces are coded for by the genes if posses or by genes expressed (switched on)