Cell differentiation and specialization

Question 1

Organism

Answer 1

single living thing

Question 2

Organ system

Answer 2

organs that function together to carry out specific duties

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

organized group of tissues that perform a specific function

Question 4

Tissue

Answer 4

organized groups of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks

Question 5

Specialized cell

Answer 5

cell developed w a particular function

Question 6

Stem cells

Answer 6

an undifferentiated cell that can divide to form specialized cells based on which genes are being expressed

Question 7

Cellular differentiation

Answer 7

the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function

Question 8

Totipotent stem cells

Answer 8

formed shortly after fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. They can become all of the cells of the human body, as well as the cells of the embryo and developing fetus. (Cell can form embryo or placenta)

Question 9

Pluripotent stem cells

Answer 9

can give rise to all of the cell types that form the human body, but are not as versatile as totipotent cells as they cannot form the placenta. (only form embryo)

Question 10

Types of pluripotent

Answer 10

Embryonic ESCs- collected from early stage embryos

Induced pluripotent iPS- made from adult cells, created from skin or blood cells

Question 11

Multipotent stem cells

Answer 11

• Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) usually become cells of the blood and immune system
• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in bone marrow and fat, and other tissues. These cells tend to turn into bone, fat, muscle and cartilage cells.

Neural stem cells

found in the brain and differentiate into neurons, glia, and other similar cells.