Cell Diagrams Flashcards
What bacteria causes strep throat?
Streptococcus
What are the oldest life forms on earth?
Archaebacteria
Name two types of bacteria that can make your sick:
Salmonella and Streptocuccus
What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to surfaces?
Pilus(i)
Name two foods that bacteria help make
cheese and yogurt
What does “decompose” mean
break down
What is the control center of the bacteria cell
chromosome/ DNA (not surrounded by a membrane)
What part of the bacteria cell helps it move?
flagellum(a)
Where do Archaebacteria live?
extreme environments
To what kingdom do common bacteria belong?
Eubacteria
Cell membrane function
boundary of the cell, moves substances in and out
Endoplasmic Reticulum function
transports materials throughout the cell
ribosome function
makes protiens
Golgi apparatus function
packages, processes, and exports proteins as vesicles
Lysosome function
contains digestive enzymes to break substances down
Microtubule function
framework of the cell, part of the cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
harvests energy in the form of ATP, “powerhouse” of the cell
Nucleus
contains the DNA, which provides instructions for making proteins; control center
3 things in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell:
cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole
How does the shape of a plant cell differ from that of an animal cell?
plant cells tend to be square or rectangular (due to cell wall); animal cells tend to be spherical
chloroplasts function
chloroplasts absorb light, used in photosynthesis
vacuole function
stores water (also involved in plant turgor pressure)
mitochondria function. Why do plants need both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
mitochondria supply energy for the cell/ chloroplasts are used to make glucose, which is then used in cellular respiration by the mitochondria to make ATP
Cell Division
Occurs in a series of stages, or phases
Interphase
Chromosomes are copied (#doubles)= replication
Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy (sister chromosomes) change to sister chromatids
Prophase
Mitosis begins (nucleus begins to divide)
Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
Spindle Fibers form between the poles
nuclear membrane
nucleolus disappears
Meatphase
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers
Chromosomes are lined up along equator or middle of the cell. Double stranded
Anaphase
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
divide or tear the centromere
Telophase
Two new nuclei form (Double Yolk Egg)
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods)
Mitosis ends
Telophase
Two new nuclei form (Double Yolk Egg)
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods)
Mitosis ends
Cytokinesis
Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells- each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes.
