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Biology > Africa Vocab > Flashcards

Africa Vocab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Trait

A

Specific characteristic of an individual.

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2
Q

Adaptation

A

Heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in an environment. Changes in the body to fit a location.

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3
Q

Behavioral Adaptation

A

Things animals act like to survive in an environment.

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4
Q

Physical (Structural) adaptation

A

Some type of structural modification made to a part of the body.

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5
Q

Competition

A

Organisms fighting over resources, goods, mates, etc…

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6
Q

group behavior

A

actions performed by a group of individuals when in a pack or herd .

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7
Q

herd vs. pack behavior

A

A group of organisms that work collectively as a group without a plan for where to go.
vs.
Working in a group making signals to one another and they are a large group of carnivores

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8
Q

Phyology

A

The evolutionary history of a lineage.

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9
Q

nutrition

A

The process of converting food into energy and getting other important nutrients that you need in order to survive.

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10
Q

energy

A

The body stores it in the cells. It stores carbohydrates, sugars, and lipids.

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11
Q

species

A

Based off of classifications that organisms have similarities. Also their characteristic can interbreed.

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12
Q

calorie (kilocalorie)

A

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram by 1 degree celsius.

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13
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information

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14
Q

gene

A

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring.

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15
Q

karyotype

A

micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosome grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size.

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16
Q

homozygous

A

having two identical allele pairs.

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17
Q

heterozygous

A

having two different allele pairs.

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18
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

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19
Q

gamete (sperm cell)

A

sex cell

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20
Q

allele

A

One of a number of different forms of a gene.

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21
Q

homologous

A

term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set come from the mate parent and one set comes from the female parent.

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22
Q

autosome

A

Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosomes.

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23
Q

haploid

A

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes.

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24
Q

diploid

A

term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes.

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25
Q

food chain

A

series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

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26
Q

food web

A

Network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in the ecosystem.

27
Q

herbivore

A

Organism that obtains energy by eating only plants.

28
Q

carnivore

A

organism that obtains energy by eating animals

29
Q

biotic factor

A

any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact.

30
Q

abotic factor

A

Physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem

31
Q

predator

A

Captures and feeds on anither organism (prey)

32
Q

prey

A

an animal that is hunted and killed for food.

33
Q

biodiversity

A

total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere, called biological diversity.

34
Q

niche

A

full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism uses those conditions.

35
Q

decomposer

A

organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter.

36
Q

scavenger

A

animal that consumes the carcasses of other animals.

37
Q

Organic vs. inorganic (molecule)

A

are compounds that include carbon atoms

                              vs.

compound that don´t contain carbon

38
Q

carbohydrate

A

any of large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water, and typically can be broken down to cellulose. Marcomolecule.

39
Q

glucose

A

a simple sugar which is important energy source in living organisms and is component of many carbohydrates.

40
Q

protein

A

marcomolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, needed by the body for growth and repair.

41
Q

amino acid

A

Compound with an amino group on one end and a Carboxyl group on the other end.

42
Q

lipid

A

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.

43
Q

fat

A

lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; type of nutrient that protects body organs, insulates the body and stores energy. marcomolecule.

44
Q

ingestion

A

the process of taking food or drink or another substance, into the body by swallowing or absorbing it.

45
Q

digestion

A

the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body.

46
Q

(cellular) respiration

A

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. (ATP)

47
Q

cellulose

A

an insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysacchaeide consisting of chains of glucose monomers. (Complex) This is a marcomolecule.

48
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

the series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are inter converted in the environment in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition.

49
Q

alllelic frequency

A

number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of alleles in that pool for the same gene.

50
Q

artificial selection

A

selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring

51
Q

Bases (DNA) A, T, C,G

A

Nitrogen based components of DNA that code for genetic information

52
Q

Biodiversity

A

total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere; also called biological diversity

53
Q

Chargaff’s rule

A

Chargaff’s observation that in the base composition of DNA the quantity of adenine equaled the quantity of thymine and the quantity of guanine equaled the quantity of cytosine.

54
Q

DNA fingerprint

A

tool used by biologists that analyzes an individuals unique collection of DNA restrictions: fragments used to determine whether two samples of genetic material are from the same person.

55
Q

gel electroporesis

A

procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of porous ge; and applying and applying an electrical voltage to the gel.

56
Q

keystone species

A

single species that is not usually abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on a structure of a community.

57
Q

limiting factor

A

factor the causes population growth to decrease.

58
Q

natural selection

A

Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest.

59
Q

restriction enzyme

A

enzyme that cuts DNA of a sequencer of nucleotides

60
Q

selective breeding

A

method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.

61
Q

carrying capacity

A

largest number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support.

62
Q

population

A

the total number of people inhabiting a country, city, or any district or area

63
Q

community (ecological)

A

assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area.

64
Q

ecosystem

A

all the organisms that live in a place, together with their non-living environment

Biology (7 decks)

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