Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer

Question 1

Cancer is a failure of

Answer 1

cell cycle division control

Question 2

True or False: Cancerous cells divide recklessly.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What do growth factors do?

Answer 3

Stimulate other proteins to begin the cell cycle

Question 4

What do kinases do?

Answer 4

add a phosphate group to target enzymes

Question 5

Are kinases usually active or inactive?

Answer 5

Inactive

Question 6

CDKs are activated by

Answer 6

cyclin

Question 7

True or False: The concentration of cyclin does not vary.

Answer 7

False, the concentration varies a lot, which regulates division

Question 8

phosphorylation is adding

Answer 8

a phosphate group to a target enzyme

Question 9

Proto-oncogenes code for

Answer 9

stimulators

Question 10

Mutated proto-oncogenes are called

Answer 10

oncogenes

Question 11

If one proto-oncogene is switched ON, cancer

Answer 11

can form

Question 12

tumor-suppressor genes code for

Answer 12

inhibitory proteins

Question 13

If both are turned OFF, cancer

Answer 13

can be caused

Question 14

Why is p53 necessary to control cell division?

Answer 14

p53 triggers the repair of mutation in the DNA or apoptosis.

Question 15

How does the concentration of cyclins affect the cell cycle?

Answer 15

More cyclins means more CDK complexes which are necessary for the cell to move to the next phase.

Question 16

Can cancer for if one tumor-suppressor allele has been mutated?

Answer 16

No