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RAGHAV BIO STUDY > Cell cycle and cell division > Flashcards

Cell cycle and cell division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the duration of a cell cycle of yeast ?

A

90 min

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2
Q

what is the duration of a cell cycle of a fibroblast cell ?

A

24 hrs

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3
Q

cell cycle is under genetic control of which enzymes ?

A
  1. cyclin
  2. CDK - cyclin dependent protein kinase / cell division kinase
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4
Q

in which stage the DNA replication takes place ?

A

S phase

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5
Q

what is the duration of cell cycle of Ecoli ?

A

20 min

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6
Q

what are the two phases of the cell cycle ?

A
  1. interphase
  2. m phase
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7
Q

interphase is also known as ?

A

prepratory/non dividing/resting phase

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8
Q

x% of time is required for interphase ?

A

95% = 23hrs

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9
Q

x% of time is required for m phase ?

A

5% = 1hr

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10
Q

interphase is divided into which three stages ?

A
  1. G1 phase
  2. S phase
  3. G2 phase
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11
Q

m phase is divided in which two stages ?

A
  1. karyokinesis
  2. cytokinesis
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12
Q

duration of G1 phase

A

11hrs

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13
Q

duration of s phase

A

8hrs

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14
Q

duration of G2 phase

A

4 hrs

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15
Q

karyokinesis of m phase is divided into which 4 stages ?

A
  1. prophase
  2. metaphase
  3. anaphase
  4. telophase
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16
Q

time interval between previous mitosis and initiation of DNA replication is called ?

A

G1 phase

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17
Q

in G1 phase cell is in which metabolic state ?

A

highly metabolically actives state.

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18
Q

synthesis of what takes place in G1 phase ?

A

RNA, Protein, ATP synthesis takes place

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19
Q

maximum growth in which cell organelles takes place in G1 phase ?

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

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20
Q

which cell organelles do not replicate in G1 phase ?

A

mitochondria and chloraplast

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21
Q

a point at the end of the G1 phase when crossed the cell is not able to enter into G1 phase again is called________ in mammals and _________ in yeast ?

A

restriction point in mammals
start point in yeast

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22
Q

DNA synthesis takes place in which phase ?

A

S phase

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23
Q

in animal cell which cell organelle duplicates in S phase ?

A

centriole

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24
Q

which protein gets synthesized in the S phase ?

A

Histone protein

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25
Q

amount of content of DNA gets _______ in S phase

A

double

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26
Q

amount of chromosome _________ in s phase

A

remains same

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27
Q

shortest phase of interphase is

A

G2 phase

28
Q

G2 phase is also called

A

cytoplasmic growth phase

29
Q

what get synthesized in G2 phase ?

A

RNA, protein, ATP synthesis

30
Q

duplication of which cell organelle takes place in G2 phase ?

A

mitochondria and chloroplast

31
Q

which monomer protein forms in G2 phase ?

A

α , β - tubulin monomer protein

32
Q

G0 phase is also known as

A

quiescent stage

33
Q

G0 stage metabolically ________ but __________ for cell division

A

metabolically active but inactive for cell division

34
Q

which cells do not show division ?

A

heart cells and most of the nerve cells

35
Q

what is apoptosis ?

A

natural cell death program

36
Q

unavaibility of _________ leads to G0 stage

A

mitogens

37
Q

what is mitotic poison ?

A

they oppose mitosis

38
Q

mitogens in plants are

A

auxin and cytokinin

39
Q

actual cell division phase is

A

M phase

40
Q

in animal cells mitosis usually takes place in which type of cell ?

A

diploid somatic cells ( non reproductive cells )

41
Q

examples of haploid cells are

A

male drone species honey bees

42
Q

in which haploid cell does mitosis takes place ?

A

marchantina

43
Q

mitosis is also known as

A

equational division

44
Q

which is the most dramatic phase of cell cycle ?

A

M phase

45
Q

which is the first stage of karyokinesis of mitosis

A

prophase

46
Q

which is the longest phase of karyokinesis ?

A

prophase

47
Q

DNA molecules are not distinct but intertwined in which phase

A

G2 phase

48
Q

prophase is marked by

A

initiation of condensation of chromosomal material

49
Q

centriole begins to move towards the opposite poles in which phase ?

A

prophase

50
Q

prophase is divide in two phases

A

early prophase and late prophase

51
Q

chromosomes appear as long, thin, single stranded structure in which phase

A

early prophase

52
Q

in early prophase nucleolus is attached to chromosome at ______________

A

nuclear organiser region

53
Q

in early prophase chromatin undergo dehydration to form long, thin and coiled structure this process is called as

A

spiralization

54
Q

in early prophase chromosome ends are indistinct and appear ball of wool called as

A

sprime stage

55
Q

multi-protein complex innvolved condensation of chromosome in late prophase are

A

condensin
cohesin

56
Q

kinetochore protein gets mature in ___________prophase

A

late prophase

57
Q

centriole reach to the opposite poles and start spindle formation in ___________prophase and start radiating out __________

A

late prophase
microtubules

58
Q

nuclear envelope, nucleolus, golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum ___________ in late prophase

A

disappear

59
Q

the two aster rays together with spindle fibers forms

A

mitotic apparatus

60
Q

prometaphase is charctersised by ______________

A

complete disintegration of nuclear envelope and nucleolus

61
Q

aster formation is completed and mitotic spindle is attached to kinetochore in which transition phase ?

A

transition to metaphase / prometaphase

62
Q

the start of metaphase is marked by

A

complete disintegration of the nuclear envelope

63
Q

best stage to study the morphology of the chromosome is

A

metaphase

64
Q

kinetochore acts as a __________ for the spindle fibers

A

attachment site

65
Q

what is metakinesis ?

A

the tightening of chromosomal fibers brings all the chromosomes at he equator of the cell in metaphase
it is also known as compression

66
Q

metaphase is characterised by

A

allignement of all the chromosomes at the equator of the cell

RAGHAV BIO STUDY (15 decks)

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