cell cycle

Question 1

there are two cell types Based on Chromosome (Xm) content…what are they?

Answer 1

Gametes (haploid) cells, 23 different chromosomes and:
Somatic cells (diploid) 46 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 2

what are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 2

it is a chromosome pair (one from each parent. both chromosomes are identical in length, centromere position etc.

Question 3

why does a somatic cell have double the chromosome pairs than a Gamete cell?

Answer 3

a somatic cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes from both parents whereas a gamete cell is from one parent and will be trying to find the egg to eventually create a diploid cell.

Question 4

what are the number 1-22 chromosome pair called?

Answer 4

they are called autosomal chromosomes.

Question 5

what is the 23rd chromosomes pair called?

Answer 5

sex chromosome

Question 6

how many stages are there in the cell cylce and what are they called?

Answer 6

there are two stages : Interphase and Mitotic phase.

Question 7

How many phases does the Interphase have?

Answer 7

three phases: G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 phase. Where “G” stand for growth and “S” stand for synthesis.

Question 8

what happens in G1 phase of Interphase?

Answer 8

growth,

at the end of G1 centrosomes replicate.

Question 9

what happens in S phase

Answer 9

chromosomes replicate, but still represent as chromatin

Question 10

What happens in G2 phase?

Answer 10

growth, metabolism,

production of enzymes & other protiens needed for cell division

Question 11

What happens after Interphase?

Answer 11

Mitotic phase

Question 12

What Phases are part of the mitotic phase (in order)

Answer 12

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 13

what happens durrring prophase?

Answer 13

chromosomes condence to form chromatin.. become individually visible.

nucleoli disapear and nuclear envolope breaks up

centrosomes move to either pole

microtubules form spindle apparatus (starting at centrosomes) + attach to kinetochore proteins (called kinetochore microtubules)

spindle moves chromosomes toward cell equator

Question 14

what happens in Metaphase

Answer 14

46 chromosomes line up on the equator

Question 15

what happens in Anaphase?

Answer 15

as the microtubules shorten, the kinetochores are pulled away causing separation of centromeres, which result in separation of the CHROMATIDS

As soon as you see them separate….ANAPHASE

Question 16

what happens in telophase?

Answer 16

chromosomes decondence back into chromatin

nucleoli, muclear envolope reappear

spindle reassembles

cytokinesis ends after telophase ends

Question 17

how many chromosomes does a diploid cell have? and how about a haploid cell?

Answer 17

46, 23

Question 18

what does meiosis do to a hdiploid cell?

Answer 18

it turns it into a haploid cell

Question 19

what is a cell called when it is fertilized?

Answer 19

it is called a zygote