cell cycle Flashcards
What three cell-cycle phases make up interphase?
G1, S and G2
What happens during S phase?
DNA is replicated
What stage are differentiated cells in?
G0
What cyclin/CDK complex is present in M phase?
A/CDK1 and B/CDK1
What cyclin/CDK complex is present in Mid G1 phase?
D/CDK4 and D/CDK6
How are cyclins degraded?
ubiquitin dependent proteolysis
Genes that respond quickly to an addition of a growth factor are called?
early response genes
What is an important early response gene?
c-Fos
What three genes transcribe the delayed response genes?
c-Fos, c-Jun and c-Myc
A ligand binding causes what two processes to happen to the receptor?
dimerization
autophosphorylation of the receptor
What does Sos promote?
exchange of GDP for GTP on Ras
What is another name for ERK?
MAP kinase
Which kinase of the MAP kinase pathway can enter the nucleus?
MAP Kinase
The activation of MAP kinase stimulates txn of what gene?
c-Fos
What process leads to progression through the restriction point?
increasing c-Fos txn
Which cyclins and CDKs are part of the delayed-response genes?
mid G1 and late G1
The retinoblastoma protein is phosphorylated by what cyclin/CDK?
cyclin D and CDK 4/6
E2F proteins are proteins of what response?
delayed response
E2F proteins activate genes required for what?
DNA replication
What cyclins and CDK are activated by E2F?
cyclins E and D
CDK2
What is the role of E2F proteins when bound to Rb?
repressors of txn
What two complexes does Rb bind that inhibit gene txn?
HDAC and methylase complexes
What causes dissociation of Rb from E2F?
phosphorylation by cyclin D and CDK 4/6
What product of E2F activation can also activate Rb?
E-CDK2