Cancer Flashcards
The six hallmarks allow a cell to be transformed into what type of cancer?
Invasive
Gain of function mutations are typically what?
dominant
HER is a receptor for what?
epidermal growth factor
Does the HER2 family of receptors function as homodimers or heterodimers?
either
HER1 or ErbB1 refer to what?
EGFR
How is ErbB1 converted into a constitutively active form?
mutation removes ligand binding domain that results in activation
How is HER2 converted into a constitutively active form?
a point mutation in TMSR that allows for receptor dimerization
Pancreatic cancers often feature what type of cell signaling mutation?
Ras mutations
Burkitt’s Lymphoma results from inappropriate activity of what cell signaling molecule?
c-Myc
What type of translocation happens to c-Myc in Burkitt’s Lymphoma?
chromosome 8 to chromosome 14
c-Myc near antibody heavy chains
When does this translocation occur?
during maturation of antibody producing B-cells
Are mutations in tumor suppressor genes typically dominant or recessive?
recessive
What proteins must be liberated from Rb in order to induce cell cycle progression?
E2F
What protein is p53 generally associated with? What will this do?
MDM2
act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase
What proteins can phosphorylate p53? What will this do to the association of p53 with mdm2?
ATM or ATR
cause dissociation of p53 from mdm2
What is a key protein upregulated by p53?
p21-CIP1
What is the function of p21-CIP1?
cell cycle arrest
If there is too much DNA damage to overcome, what can p53 do to cell growth?
signal senescence or apoptosis
What complex is the active form of p53 in?
homotetramer
Li Fraumeni patients have a mutant allele for what what gene? This disrupts the formation of what?
TP53
TP53 tetramer
What two proteins do the HPV produce?
E6 and E7
What is the function of E6?
inhibits p53
What is the function of E7?
inhibits Rb
Neurofibromatosis occurs due to loss of what gene?
NF1