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Biology 120 > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Composition structure of a chromosome

A

Chromatin- 40% DNA, 60% Protein

Chromosome- 1 long strand of DNA

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2
Q

Compaction structure of a chromosome

A

DNA, nucleosome, solenoid, rosettes, and a chromosome

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3
Q

double helix

A

DNA

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4
Q

DNA wrapped around histone protein

A

nucleosome

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5
Q

nucleosomes in a spiral

A

solenoid

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6
Q

flower arrangement of soleniods

A

rosettes

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7
Q

diploid

A

w/ pairs (2n)

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8
Q

haploid

A

w/o pairs (n)

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9
Q

one from each parent

A

homologous chromosomes

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10
Q

DNA is duplicated on a chromosome

A

sister chromatids

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11
Q 
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
A

phases of the cell cycle

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12
Q

interphase

A

preparing for mitosis
after S phase (DNA replication) two sister chromatids
in G2, centrioles replicate (organize microtubles)
end G2, chromosomes begin to condense

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13
Q

G1/S checkpoint

A

decision to divide

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14
Q

G2/M checkpoint

A

DNA synthesis a success, committment to mitosis

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15
Q

spindle checkpoint

A

make sure chromosomes are attached to spindles

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16
Q

what controls checkpoints

A

internal-cyclins, external-growth factors

17
Q

failure to control checkpoints

A

cancer

18
Q

normal: prevent damaged cells from dividing
cancer: turned off
i. e. cutting the brakes on a car

A

tumor suppressor

19
Q

normal: growth factor signals
cancer: turned on permantely
i. e. gas pedal sticks to the floor

A

proto-oncogenes

20
Q

outer of the centromere

A

kinetochores

21
Q

centrioles

A

divided and organizes spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis

22
Q

gain or loss of chromosomes

A

aneuploidy

23
Q

chromosomes to do not separately properly in mitosis

A

nondisjunction

24
Q

3 copies of a chromosome

A

trisomy

25
Q

1 copy of a chromosome

A

monosomy

26
Q

pataus syndrome
cleft palette
polydactyly

A

trisomy 13

27
Q

downs syndrome
1/750 children
short stature, mental capacity varies

A

trisomy 21

Biology 120 (3 decks)

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