Cell Cycle 2 Flashcards
What systems are there for studying cancer?
People - GWAS, Familal genetics, Epidemology
Animal models
Cell Lines
What are the different types of cultured cells we can use to study biochemistry of cancer?
Primary cells
Immortalised cells
Transformed cells
Metastatic cells
What is a focus formation assay?
Testing for contact inhibition
Grow cells on plastic layer to create monolayer of cells
Any foci that develop indicate cells that are not contact inhibited
What is a soft agar assay?
Testing for anchorage dependance
If cells can form colonies in the soft agar (methylcellulose) then they are not anchorage dependant
What are the stages of cell cycle
IPMATC
What is G0?
Quinescence
What happens in G1?
Cellular components replicate - restriction point
What happens in S phase?
Chromosomes duplicate
What happens in G2?
Quality control
Who who created a heterokaryon to propose a diffusible factor?
Rao & Johnston - 1970
Fused G1 and S phase cells
G1 nucleus entered S phase
How did Paul Nurse discover cdc2 (cdk1)?
Noticed some fission yeast divided too early and were small (Wee1 mutants).
Some fission yeast grew and never divided (cdc mutants).
Identified genes using complementation experiment.
Identified cdc2 protein kinase
How did Tim Hunt identify cyclin?
sea urchin oocytes injected with rpdiolabbelled methionine and used to measure cell cycle progression.
Cyclin was synthesized immediately before mitosis
Are cyclins or Cdk expressed periodically?
Cyclins - hence they are the diffusible factor
What type of kinase are cdks?
Ser/thr kinases
Whats is the order that cyclins are expressed?
D –> E –> A –> B
