Cell Cycle 1 Flashcards
What is carcinoma?
Cancer of epithelial tissue
What is a sarcoma?
Cancer of connective tissue and bone
What is myeloma?
Cancer of plasma cell
What is leukaemia?
Cancer of blood, arrises in bone marrow
What is lymphoma?
Cancer of the lymphatic system
When did Peyton Rous discover viral oncogenes?
What virus did he discover?
1911 - noticed that chickens often got outbursts of tumours - deiscovered without defining them
1940/50 - Discovered Rous sarcoma virus
What are the key parts of RNA Virus?
LTR - long terminal repeats
ENV - glycoproteins for targeting host cells
GAG - 3D capsid protecting RNA
POL - reverse transcriptase
Why is v-src constitutively active?
Endogenous c-SRC has 533 aa. in activated c-SRC Y527 needs to be phosphorylated so as SH2 domain can bind and move SH3 to squeeze the catalytic domain shut.
v-SRC is truncated at 516 so no Y527 so it can not be inactivated.
What are the downstream pathways of v-SRC?
MAP kinase, STAT-JAK, PIK3/AKT
All pro survival and proproliferative
How does rat sarcoma virus transform a cell?
GTPase - loss of ability to convert GTP to GDP and so is always active
What are the 4 ways an oncogene can become cancer causing?
- Point mutation
- Truncation
- Gene amplification
- Chromosomal translocation behind active promoter
What is the two-hit hypothesis?
Two mutations are required to knock out tumour suppressor function.
