Cell cycle Flashcards
What is DNA?
DNA is all the genetic information you have.
What is a gene?
Something which is passed on by parents.
What does monogenic mean? Give examples
One gene which is responsible for that one characteristic e.g. freckles.
What does polygenic mean?
Give examples
More than one gene which is responsible for a certain characteristic e.g. height, skin colour, eye colour etc.
What is mitosis
Mitosis is a type of cell division which produces two identical diploid daughter cells.
What happens in the growth phase of the cell cycle?
In a growth phase all the DNA and organelles replicate.
What happens in Prophase? (P in PMAT)
It condenses into a chromosome.
What happens in Metaphase?
(M in PMAT)
When the chromosomes align in the middle.
What happens in Anaphase?
(A in PMAT)
When the chromosomes are pulled away.
What happens in Telophase?
(T in PMAT)
When the nucleus starts to form on either end of the cell.
What happens after Telophase is done?
The cell divides into 2 forming 2 identical cells
What are the uses of mitosis? (3)
- Growth
- Repair
- So you have cells to specialise
Differentiate between haploid and diploid cells
Diploid cells - 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell.
Haploid cells - A cell which contains a single set of chromosomes.
How many chromosomes are there in a normal human cell?
There are 46 chromosomes in a normal human cell.
What is the name given to the stage of the cell cycle where the cell splits into 2?
Cytokinesis
True or False?
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells
True
True or False?
A cell divides twice in the process of mitosis
True
True or False?
Daughter cells from mitosis are haploid
False
True or False?
DNA is replicated before a cell can divide
True
What is meiosis?
Process of cell division where 1 parent cell produces 4 genetically different haploid cells
What cells are produced via meiosis?
Gametes
What are gametes?
The cells involved in sexual reproduction. They are haploid
Eg : egg cells, sperm cells
