CELL CYCLE Flashcards
Do cells live forever
no
Are cells continuously growing
yes
Why do cells need to divide
so organisims can grow, repair old cells and reproduce
what are the 4 phases of cell cycle
1) G1
2) S phase
3) G2 Phase
4) M phase -mitosis but you call it M phase
stages of mitosis
Interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase and cytokinesis
this is where cell division happens shawty
G1 phase
cells produce protein and organelles. If healthy they move on to next phase
S phase
Cell makes a copy of DNA
G2 Phase
Cell produces organelles and structures for cell division
M phase
Cells energy is devoted to cell division. There are 4 phases prophase, Metaphase,Anaphase,telophase
Mitosis
Where a single cell divides into two identical cells.
These cells contain the same number of chromosomes and genetic info as original cell.
The genetic info of the cell is contained on chromosomes which are long pieces of coiled DNA and protein’s
Can cell division be affected by external influences and if so what?
Altitude or sunlight
Are cells continually dying and if so what is this process called?
Apoptosis - programmed cell death
Cancer cells divide uncontrollably? Yes or no?
Yes
Damage of cells can occur from factors such as
Sunlight and smoking
Do cancer cells undergo apoptosis
No
Normal cells reproduce for about
50-60 cells
what even is the cell cycle
a series of events that take place in a cell as it divides and grows
why does DNA have to be replicated before mitosis begins
to get an exact copy of the original cell and so there will be DNA for both daughter cells
what happens in interphase
DNA has been duplicated in the S phase and appears as threads in nucleus
replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division.
what happens in late and early Prophase
early- The chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. The centrioles move towards the poles and spindle fibres form
late) The nuclear envelope breaks down. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fibre at its centromere
what happens in the metaphase
the chromosomes line up at center of cell
what happens in anaphase
the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and move to opposite poles
extra
A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome,
what happens in telophase and cytokinesis
the Mitotic spindle breaks down, and two new nuclei form.
telophase
a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to separate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm.
The chromosomes lose their distinct shape. The cytoplasm and the cell membrane pinch in half to form two new daughter cells
where is the genetic info stored on a cell
chromosomes which are long pieces of coiled up DNA
