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Phytoplankton Diversity > Cell Coverings > Flashcards

Cell Coverings Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of cell coverings?

A
  • Species identification
  • Protections against dessication, pathogens, predators.
  • Barrier between cell and environment: osmotic balance, uptake, secretion/excretion
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2
Q

What are the 4 types of cell coverings?

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Membrane + Extracellular material
  • Membrane + Intracellular material
  • Membrane + Extra- and Intracellular material
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3
Q

What has a plasmodia cell plasma membrane?

A

Chlorarachniophyte (Rhizaria: Cercozoa)

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4
Q

What only uses a plasma membrane?

A

Many Chrysophyceae (Chromalveolates: Heterokontophyta)

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5
Q

What extra / intra cellular material does a Cryptophyta use? (Chromalveolates)

A

A periplast.

  • Inner=protein fibrils in sheets or plates
  • Outer=plates, scales, mucilage, combo
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6
Q

How much pressure does it take to break a pellicle?

A

200 psi

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7
Q

What has a pellicle?

A

Euglenophyta (Excavata: Euglenozoa)

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8
Q

What is a PS?

A

Pellicular strip

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9
Q

What cell covering does a euglenophyta utilize?

A
  • Pellicle
  • Mucilage coating over pm
  • Organized fibers
  • Microtubular system
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10
Q

What are mucilages and sheaths?

A
  • Gelatinous, hold filaments or colonies together.
  • Exopolysaccharides
  • Can collect pigments or metal salts
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11
Q

What utilizes mucilages and sheaths?

A
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Some Cryptophyta (Chromalveolates)
  • Euglenophyta (Excavta: Euglenozoa)
  • Chlorophyta (Plantae)
  • Chrysophyceae (Chromalveolates: Heterokontophyta)
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12
Q

What kind of scales do heterokontophyta have?

A

Silica on glycoprotein matrix.

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13
Q

What kind of scales do haptophyta have?

A

Calcium carbonate on organic matrix.

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14
Q

What kind of scales do chlorophyta have?

A

Organic (polysaccharide), non-mineralized.

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15
Q

Describe the scales of chlorophyta, prasinophyceae.

A
  • Unmineralized (acidic polysaccharides)
  • Often multiple laters of different shapes.
  • Synthesized in golgi then exocytosed.
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16
Q

Describe the scales of heterokontophyta, Synurophyceae

A
  • Silica scales, often elaborate
  • Produced internally in deposition vesicles, part of E.R.
  • Fuse with Golgi vesicles and move to surface.
17
Q

Describe the scales of a haptophyta.

A
  • Unmineralized
  • Calcified (coccoliths)
  • Organic base plate synthesized in Golgi
18
Q

What is the difference between heterococcoliths and holococcoliths?

A

Heterococcoliths: Organic base plate synthesized in golgi and calcified within golgi.
Holococcoliths: Organic base plate synthesized in golgi and calcified on cell surface.

19
Q

Describe the frustules of Heterokontophyta, Bacillariophyceae

A
  • Only in diatoms
  • Amorphous hydrated silica
  • Produced internally in silica deposition vesicles, derived from Golgi
  • Organic layer in between plasma membrane and frustule.
20
Q

Describe the structure of a diatom.

A

The epitheca fits on top of the hypotheca.

21
Q

Other words for pore.

A
  • Hole
  • Areola
  • Puncta (Punctae)
22
Q

What is stria (striae)?

A

A row of punctae.

23
Q

Centric diatoms are symmetrical around ______ access.

A

Radial.

24
Q

Pennate diatoms are symmetrical around ______ line.

A

Apical.

25
Q

How are Gonoid triangles symmetrical?

A

They are angles.

26
Q

How are treselloid diatoms symmetrical?

A

Margin to margin.

27
Q

Describe a phyto cell wall.

A

Rigid, homogenous, multilayed.

28
Q

Cyanobacteria cell wall.

A

Peptigoglycan between pm and sheath (gram -)

29
Q

What Euk has a cell wall?

A

Chlorophyta (Only single celled division)

  • Microfibrils in mucilage, may be encrusted
  • Formed in Golgi Vesivles
30
Q

Describe Iorica extracellular material.

A

Cellulose, chitin, scales, calcified.

31
Q

Who has Iorica?

A
  • Chrysophyceae (Chromalveolates: Heterokontophyta)

- Chlorophyceae (Plantae)

32
Q

Who has silicoflagellates?

A

Chromalveolates, Heterokontophyta, Dictyochophyceae, Dictyoclaes)

33
Q

How many species of Dictyocha are recognized?

A

2 spp.

34
Q

What are the components of an amphiesma of Dinophyta? (Chromalveolates: Alveolata)

A

Thecal plate, pellicular later, outer plate membrane, outermost membrane, thecal vesicle, cytoplasmic membrane.

Phytoplankton Diversity (6 decks)

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