cell components Flashcards
pg 170
what is the endoplasmic reticulum
network of membranous sacs and tubes - active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic pathways - has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions
what is the nuclear envelope
double membrane enclosing the nucleus
what is the nucleolus
non membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes - a nucleus contains at least one nucleoli
what is a chromatin
material consisting of DNA and proteins
what is the Golgi apparatus
organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting and secretion of cell products
what is a lysosome
digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolysed
what is a peroxisome
organelle with various specialised metabolic functions - produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product and then converts it to water
what is the centrosome
region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated - contains a pair of centrioles
what is the cytoskeleton
reinforces cells shape
functions in cell movement
components are made of protein
components are - microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
what are microvilli
projections that increase the cells surface area
what is a mitochondria
organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
what is a ribosome
complexes that make proteins
can either be free in the cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
what are flagellum
motility structure present in some animal cells, composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane
what is the plasma membrane
the membrane enclosing the cells
what is the central vacuole
prominent organelle in older plant cells
functions include storage, breakdown of waste products and hydrolysis of macromolecules
enlargement of the vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
