cell communication

Question 1

Ligand

Answer 1

a signal molecule

Question 2

Direct Contact

Answer 2

Cells in direct contact send signals
(ligands) across gap junctions.

Question 3

Paracrine Signaling

Answer 3

Shorter-lived signals affect cells in
the immediate area

Question 4

Endocrine Signaling

Answer 4

Longer-lived signals called hormones
are released into the circulatory
system and target specific (sometimes
distant) cells

Question 5

Synaptic Signaling

Answer 5

Signals called neurotransmitters are
sent by nerve cells to target cells over
synaptic clefts (or gaps)

Question 5

Synaptic Signaling

Answer 5

Signals called neurotransmitters are
sent by nerve cells to target cells over
synaptic clefts (or gaps)

Question 6

Interphase

Answer 6

is the part of the cell cycle between
divisions. The cell prepares itself for mitosis.

Question 7

*Prophase

Answer 7

Chromosomes condense enough to become visible and spindle is assembled Nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 8

*Prometaphase

Answer 8

Microtubules from opposite poles of the cell attach to sister chromatids at the kinetochores Chromosomes move to equator of cell

Question 9

*Metaphase

Answer 9

Chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell Microtubules are under tension and cell is ready to divide.

Question 10

*Anaphase

Answer 10

Cohesin proteins are degraded Microtubules pull sister chromatids apart by their kinetochores Poles move apart and spindle fibers slide past each other

Question 11

*Cohesin proteins
are degraded
Microtubules pull
sister chromatids
apart by their
kinetochores
Poles move apart
and spindle fibers
slide past each