Cell Communication 1 4.1.1 Flashcards
What are antibodies?
Proteins that neutralize pathogens by binding their specific antigens and causing a series of chemical events that make the pathogen unable to infect other cells
What are antigens?
Biomolecular structures that can induce an immune response
What are antigen-presenting cells (APC)?
Cells that are intrinsic to multicellular organisms that begin presenting antigens after encountering pathogens
What are B cells?
Immune response cells that are responsible for the production of antibodies
What are cytokines?
Ligands that are released by immune response cells and signal the presence of a pathogen to other immune response cells
What are gap junctions?
Sets of connective protein channels that occur only between adjacent animal cells (in solid tissue)
ex. heart muscle tissue
What are helper T cells?
Immune response cells with membrane-bound receptors that bind to modified antigens on antigen-presenting cells
What is juxtacrine signaling?
Communication between two cells that are in direct contact with each other
What are killer T cells?
Specialized immune-response cells that utilized cell-to-cell contact to destroy nonpathogenic cells that have become infected by a pathogen
What are ligands?
Small molecules that bind with specificity to larger molecules
-Signal molecules
What are memory B cells?
What are phagocytes?
Responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogenic microorganisms
-a type of immune cell
What are plasma cells?
B cells that produce and secrete antibodies
-act as long-distance ligands
What is plasmodesmata?
Type of gap function but just in plants
What is chemical signaling?
The interaction of a signal molecule and a receptor protein of a target cell.
