Cell Chemistry

Question 1

Electrostatic forces between protons and electrons of two different atoms that hold them together

Answer 1

Chemical Bond

Question 2

Holds atoms in the same molecule together

Answer 2

Intramolecular bonds

Question 3

Bond that forms between two different molecules

Answer 3

Intermolecular bond

Question 4

Bond formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions through the loos or gain of electrons

Answer 4

Ionic bond

Question 5

Bond between two atoms where the electrons are shared

Answer 5

Covalent bond

Question 6

Allows rotation

Answer 6

Single Covalent bond

Question 7

Allows bending

Answer 7

Double Covalent bond

Question 8

No movement allowed

Answer 8

Triple Covalent bond

Question 9

The force of attraction between a nucleus and electrons around it

Answer 9

Electronegativity

Question 10

Electrons are shared equally in blank and occurs in atoms with similar or identical blank

Answer 10

nonpolar molecules, electronegativity

Question 11

Electrons are shared unequally in blank and occurs in atoms with uneven blank

Answer 11

polar molecules, electronegativity

Question 12

Water soluble

Answer 12

Hydrophillic

Question 13

Not water soluble

Answer 13

Hydrophobic

Question 14

Hydrophobic molecules

Answer 14

Ionic and non polar

Question 15

Hydrophillic molecules

Answer 15

Polar

Question 16

Part hydrophillic and part hydrophobic

Answer 16

Amphipathic

Question 17

Building blocks of larger molecules

Answer 17

Monomers

Question 18

Large molecules

Answer 18

Macromolecules

Question 19

Molecules composed of covalently bonded monomers

Answer 19

Polymers

Question 20

Weak bond formed between positive hydrogen and a more electronegative atom

Answer 20

Hydrogen bond

Question 21

Weak bond that forms when nonpolar molecules associate tightly in a polar solvent

Answer 21

Hydrophobic interactions

Question 22

Roles of hydrophobic interactions

Answer 22

Enzyme binding substrates, protein conformation, and stabilizing of RNA and cell membranes

Question 23

Weak attractive force that occurs between molecules that are close together due to their polarity

Answer 23

Van der Waals forces

Question 24

Characteristics of water

Answer 24

Polar, high specific heat, good solvent, and cohesive

Question 25

Ionic compound consisting of a cation and an anion held together by an ionic bond

Answer 25

Salts

Question 26

Proton donors, increase the concentration of H+ in a solution

Answer 26

Acids

Question 27

Proton acceptor, decrease the concentration oh H+ in a solution

Answer 27

Base

Question 28

Compounds that resist changes in pH by acting either as a acid or base

Answer 28

Buffers

Question 29

Polymers of amino acids and the most abundant macromolecule in cells

Answer 29

Proteins

Question 30

Polymers of nucleotides

Answer 30

Nucleic acids

Question 31

The two forms of nucleic acids

Answer 31

RNA and DNA

Question 32

Structural backbone of nucleic acids

Answer 32

Pentose

Question 33

Covalent bonds linking sugars together in a polysaccharide

Answer 33

Glycosidic bonds

Question 34

Polysaccharide composed of glucose monosaccharides joined by alpha glycosidic bonds

Answer 34

Starch

Question 35

Polysaccharide composed of glucose monosaccharides joined by beta glycosidic bonds

Answer 35

Structural polysaccharide

Question 36

Blank and blank are examples of structural polysaccharides

Answer 36

Cellulose and chitin

Question 37

Polysaccharide+protein

Answer 37

Gylcoprotein

Question 38

Polysaccharide+lipid

Answer 38

Glycolipid

Question 39

Cell surface receptors

Answer 39

Glycoproteins

Question 40

Important in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria

Answer 40

Glycolipids

Question 41

Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol

Answer 41

Simple lipid

Question 42

No double bonds between carbons

Answer 42

Saturated fatty acid

Question 43

Double bonds between carbons

Answer 43

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 44

Nitrogen base bonded to C5 sugar

Answer 44

Nucleoside

Question 45

Nitrogen base attached to C5 sugar by N-glycosidic linkage and bonded to phosphate

Answer 45

Nucleotide

Question 46

Purine Bases

Answer 46

Guanine and adenine, two heterocyclic rings

Question 47

Pyrimidine Bases

Answer 47

Thymine, cytosine, uracil, single heterocyclic ring

Question 48

DNA is held together by blank bonds

Answer 48

Hydrogen

Question 49

Amino acids are held together by blank bonds

Answer 49

Peptide

Question 50

Related but not identical molecules

Answer 50

Isomers

Question 51

Mirror image isomers

Answer 51

Enantiomers

Question 52

Enzymes capable of interconverting specific enantiomers

Answer 52

Racemases

Question 53

Catalytic proteins

Answer 53

Enzymes

Question 54

Linear arryay of amino acids in a polypeptide

Answer 54

Primary structure

Question 55

Folds in polypeptide that form a stable stucture consisting of hydrogen bonds

Answer 55

Secondary structure

Question 56

Additional folding of polypeptide giving greater stability and a 3-D shape

Answer 56

Tertiary Structure

Question 57

Occurs in proteins containing two or more polypeptides

Answer 57

Quaternary Structure

Question 58

Unfolding of polypeptide chain

Answer 58

Denaturation

Question 59

3 things that can cause denaturation

Answer 59

pH, temperature, and chemicals