(Cell) C4 and CAM Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two distinct types of photosynthesis cells in C4 Plants?

A

Bundle-sheath cells

Mesophyll cells

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2
Q

How are photosynthesis cells in C4 plants arranged? (2)

A

Bundle-sheath cells are arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of the leaf
Mesophyll cells are more loosely arranged between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface

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3
Q

What is the enzyme only present in mesophyll cells?

A

PEP carboxylase

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4
Q

Why is PEP carboxylase used instead of Rubisco?

A

PEP carboxylase has a much higher affinity for CO2 than Rubisco, and no affinity for oxygen, thus can fix carbon efficiently whereas Rubisco cannot

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5
Q

What does PEP carboxylase do?

A

Adds CO2 to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), forming the four-carbon product oxaloacetate

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6
Q

What happens when the four-carbon compounds enter the bundle-sheath cells?

A

They release carbon dioxide into the Calvin Cycle and regenerates pyruvate

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7
Q

What happens to the pyruvate regenerated in the bundle-sheath cells?

A

Transported to the mesophyll cells

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8
Q

How is pyruvate converted to PEP in the mesophyll?

A

Additional ATP is used

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9
Q

How do bundle-sheath cells generate the extra ATP required to converted pyruvate to PEP?

A

The bundle-sheath cells carry out cyclic electron flow

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10
Q

What is distinct in CAM plants that isn’t present in C4 plants?

A

Stomata open at night and close during the day

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11
Q

What happens when CAM plants open their stomata at night?

A

CO2 is taken in and incorporated into a variety of organic acids

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12
Q

What does CAM stand for?

A

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

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