Cell Biology Test 1.1 ✅ Flashcards
What is the Chargaff’s rule?
content of adenine=thymine
content of guanine=cytosine
Which rule mentions complimentary base pairing in DNA?
Chargaff’s rule
What is a cell composed of?
Water (70%), Inorganic ions, and Organic molecules (carbon containing).
Explain DNA structure
- double helix
- antiparallel strands
- hydrogen bonds
- deoxyribose
- phosphate
- nitrogenous bases A=T, C=_G
- minor and major grooves
- Chargaff’s rule
Which strand is genetic information found on?
Template Strand!!!
Name the purines and pyrimidines? What is the difference?
purines: adenine and guanine
pyrimidine: thymine, cytosine, uracil.
Purines are larger as they have a double ring structure, while pyrimidines only have one ring.
Explain RNA structure
- single stranded
- ribose sugar
- uracil instead of thymine
- shorter nucleotide chain
How is ribose different from deoxyribose?
Ribose has an additional -OH group.
What is the structure of RNA similar to?
A hairpin
What type of bonds exist in both DNA and RNA?
phosphodiester bonds
What are the different types of RNA?
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
small RNA molecules
ribosomal RNA
ribozymes
What is the primary function of rRNA?
protein synthesis (synthesis of polypeptide chains)
What is the primary function of tRNA?
transfers amino acids to their complimentary codons on the mRNA strand.
What is the primary function of regulatory RNA?
the formation of certain short DNA sequences
What is the primary function of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?
involved in the processing of mRNA in the nucleus.
(SPLISING + CAPPING).
gene regulation.