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Form and Function > Cell Biology III > Flashcards

Cell Biology III Flashcards

1
Q

What do connective tissues do?

A

define organ architecture by:
Connecting, suspending, and forming organs,
resist mechanical forces, thermodynamically insulate,
mechanically cushion
store energy
provide nutrition

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2
Q

What are the four fundamental types of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

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3
Q

How are types differentiated?

A

vascularity

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4
Q

Connective tissue made up of?

A

nonliving material

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5
Q

Every connective tissue has a unique arrangement of three properties….

A

Cells
Fibers
Ground substance

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6
Q

Four types of cell found in connective tissue (from most common to least)

A

Fibroblasts
Reticular cells
Leukocytes
Fat cells

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7
Q

What are fibroblasts responsible for?

A

Collagen fiber and ground substance production

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8
Q

Where are fibroblasts common?

A

connective tissue types

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9
Q

Motility of fibroblasts?

A

Fixed or mobile

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10
Q

Shape of reticular cells?

A

Large, stellate (star)

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11
Q

When fibroblasts are actively producing fibers, what conformation are their nuclei? Less active?

A

Round or oval; more cytoplasm
Flatter; less cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is type 3 collagen?

A

special type of fibroblasts that synthesize reticular fibers

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13
Q

Where are reticular cells located?

A

lymphoid organs and bone marrow

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14
Q

Function of leukocytes?

A

fight foreign antigens that have invaded the body

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15
Q

Macrophages cytoplasm unique feature?

A

filled with cellular debris

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16
Q

Appearance of macrophages?

A

Large round cell with indented nucleus

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17
Q

Macrophages derived from?

A

monocytes

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18
Q

Macrophages can fuse to form massive cell T/F.

A

T

19
Q

Plasma cell nucleus shape?

A

small, eccentric (pushed off to the side)

20
Q

Plasma cell function?

A

Are antibody factories

21
Q

Preference of cytoplasm in plasma cell?

A

basophilic

22
Q

Plasma cells derived from?

A

B lymphocytes

23
Q

What are the two types of fat cells?

A

Brown and white

24
Q

Features of white fat
Cell size:
Number of droplets:
Nucleus:
Lipid visibility (on slide):

A

Cell size: large
Number of droplets: single droplet
Nucleus: eccentric
Lipid visibility: not visible with basic slide prep

25
Q

Features of brown fat
Cell size:
Number of droplets:
Nucleus:
Found in what animals?

A

Small
Multiple
Round
Found in hibernating animals

26
Q

Function of connective tissue fibers?

A

structure to connective tissues

27
Q

Two categories of fibers in connective tissue?

A

Collagen and elastic

28
Q

Function of elastic fibers?

A

give certain tissues elasticity and recoil

29
Q

Function of collagen fibers?

A

tensile strength

30
Q

Regular vs. irregular fibers

A

Regular: single force
Irregular: multiple directional forces

31
Q

Type I collagen fiber commonality and stain color?

A

very common, orange to orange-pink

32
Q

How many types of collagen fibers?

A

3

33
Q

Type II collagen fiber location?

A

cartilage

34
Q

Type III collagen fibers also known as and form what?

A

reticular fibers; forms fibrous meshes in organs

35
Q

What is ground substance? Components? Consistency?

A

acellular space that fills between cells and fibers “acts as a glue”; mostly water, GAGS and proteoglycans; viscous gel

36
Q

What is ground substance produced by?

A

fibroblasts

36
Q

Loose irregular tissue features:
Ground substance/fiber ratio
Cell diversity
Fiber orientation
Consistency
Function (2)
Example

A

More ground substance than fibers
Multiple cell types
Few unorganized fibers
Soft and pliable
Hold organs in place, surround vessels and nerves AND connects epithelia to deeper tissues
Superficial fascia

37
Q

Five types of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose irregular
Adipose
Reticular
Dense Irregular
Dense Irregular

37
Q

Loose vs. dense tissues?

A

Loose has more ground substance
Dense has less ground substance

38
Q

Adipose tissue
Presence of what?
Functions (2):

A

brown and white fat cells
heat conservation and ENERGY

39
Q

Reticular tissue components and function? Example?

A

Abundance of reticular fibers and cells, Web-like mesh that supports blood cells
Bone marrow

40
Q

Dense Irregular Tissue
Consistency:
Function:
Example:

A

Firm
Resists compression and forces in multiple directions and planes
Fibrous capsules of joints

41
Q

Dense regular cells
Cell count:
Fiber organization:
Consistency:
Example

A

Few cells
Parallel
Firm (resistant to strong directional force)
Muscle tendons, ligaments

Form and Function (8 decks)

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