Cell Biology III Flashcards
What do connective tissues do?
define organ architecture by:
Connecting, suspending, and forming organs,
resist mechanical forces, thermodynamically insulate,
mechanically cushion
store energy
provide nutrition
What are the four fundamental types of connective tissue?
Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
How are types differentiated?
vascularity
Connective tissue made up of?
nonliving material
Every connective tissue has a unique arrangement of three properties….
Cells
Fibers
Ground substance
Four types of cell found in connective tissue (from most common to least)
Fibroblasts
Reticular cells
Leukocytes
Fat cells
What are fibroblasts responsible for?
Collagen fiber and ground substance production
Where are fibroblasts common?
connective tissue types
Motility of fibroblasts?
Fixed or mobile
Shape of reticular cells?
Large, stellate (star)
When fibroblasts are actively producing fibers, what conformation are their nuclei? Less active?
Round or oval; more cytoplasm
Flatter; less cytoplasm
What is type 3 collagen?
special type of fibroblasts that synthesize reticular fibers
Where are reticular cells located?
lymphoid organs and bone marrow
Function of leukocytes?
fight foreign antigens that have invaded the body
Macrophages cytoplasm unique feature?
filled with cellular debris
Appearance of macrophages?
Large round cell with indented nucleus
Macrophages derived from?
monocytes
Macrophages can fuse to form massive cell T/F.
T
Plasma cell nucleus shape?
small, eccentric (pushed off to the side)
Plasma cell function?
Are antibody factories
Preference of cytoplasm in plasma cell?
basophilic
Plasma cells derived from?
B lymphocytes
What are the two types of fat cells?
Brown and white
Features of white fat
Cell size:
Number of droplets:
Nucleus:
Lipid visibility (on slide):
Cell size: large
Number of droplets: single droplet
Nucleus: eccentric
Lipid visibility: not visible with basic slide prep
Features of brown fat
Cell size:
Number of droplets:
Nucleus:
Found in what animals?
Small
Multiple
Round
Found in hibernating animals
Function of connective tissue fibers?
structure to connective tissues
Two categories of fibers in connective tissue?
Collagen and elastic
Function of elastic fibers?
give certain tissues elasticity and recoil
Function of collagen fibers?
tensile strength
Regular vs. irregular fibers
Regular: single force
Irregular: multiple directional forces
Type I collagen fiber commonality and stain color?
very common, orange to orange-pink
How many types of collagen fibers?
3
Type II collagen fiber location?
cartilage
Type III collagen fibers also known as and form what?
reticular fibers; forms fibrous meshes in organs
What is ground substance? Components? Consistency?
acellular space that fills between cells and fibers “acts as a glue”; mostly water, GAGS and proteoglycans; viscous gel
What is ground substance produced by?
fibroblasts
Loose irregular tissue features:
Ground substance/fiber ratio
Cell diversity
Fiber orientation
Consistency
Function (2)
Example
More ground substance than fibers
Multiple cell types
Few unorganized fibers
Soft and pliable
Hold organs in place, surround vessels and nerves AND connects epithelia to deeper tissues
Superficial fascia
Five types of connective tissue proper?
Loose irregular
Adipose
Reticular
Dense Irregular
Dense Irregular
Loose vs. dense tissues?
Loose has more ground substance
Dense has less ground substance
Adipose tissue
Presence of what?
Functions (2):
brown and white fat cells
heat conservation and ENERGY
Reticular tissue components and function? Example?
Abundance of reticular fibers and cells, Web-like mesh that supports blood cells
Bone marrow
Dense Irregular Tissue
Consistency:
Function:
Example:
Firm
Resists compression and forces in multiple directions and planes
Fibrous capsules of joints
Dense regular cells
Cell count:
Fiber organization:
Consistency:
Example
Few cells
Parallel
Firm (resistant to strong directional force)
Muscle tendons, ligaments
