Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Form and Function > Cell Biology 1 > Flashcards

Cell Biology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do organelles allow the cell to do?

A

Grow, divide, and specialize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the city hall of the cell?

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the nucleus responsible for?

A

DNA storage and transcription (blueprints for proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the nucleus located?

A

enclosed within the nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the powerhouse of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are mitochondria responsible for?

A

ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Mitochondria have their own DNA.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the number of mitochondria indicate?

A

metabolic demands of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the primary production plant of the cell?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are RER studded with and what are their role?

A

ribosomes; synthesize proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The RER is continuous with what structure?

A

nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the accessory production plant of the cell?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is SER responsible for (2 things)?

A

lipid and steroid synthesis (cell membrane maintenance and communication) AND detox of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Differences between SER and RER (2)?

A

SER more tubular than RER and not continuous with nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two functions of Golgi apparatus?

A

packages proteins in membrane-bound vesicles for transport, determines where the protein will go based on special sugar tag, GENERALLY allow cells to specialize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the post office of the cell?

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the recycling centers of the cell?

A

Lysosome and peroxisome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are lysosomes composed of? Shape?

A

sphere full of enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are lysosomes responsible for?

A

hydrolyzing substances that cross the cell membrane (mostly proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of pH do enzymes need in lysosomes to activate? WHY?

A

acidic; acts as a protective measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

degrading fatty acids and ROS molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

plasma membrane is a mosaic of molecular components that move freely throughout the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are ROS?

A

reactive oxygen species, VERY damaging to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the four functions of the cell membrane? DEFINE them.

A

Exclusion- keep things out
Consumption- bring in nutrients
Excretion- cellular waste/hormones
Communication- physically/chemically
Pneumonic: ECEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the four primary components of the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates

25
Q

Explain the components of the phospholipid bilayer.

A

Hydrophilic heads face outward
Hydrophobic tails face inward

26
Q

What is the function of hydrophobic tails?

A

Form a waterproof barrier

27
Q

What is the function of hydrophilic heads?

A

communication with intra and extra cellular fluids

28
Q

What are the two types of proteins? Difference?

A

Integral and peripheral proteins
Integral have one hydrophobic region and peripheral do not have a hydrophobic region

29
Q

What does cholesterol help with? HOW?

A

Maintains fluidity of membrane in fluctuating temperatures; stops phospholipids from packing too tightly in low temperatures AND maintains rigidity in high temperatures

30
Q

What is the function of an integral protein’s hydrophobic region?

A

Keeps them anchored to the interior of the membrane

31
Q

Where are peripheral proteins found?

A

Inside or outside of the cell membrane

32
Q

Where are carbohydrates found? Bound to?

A

Outside of the membrane; bound to lipids or proteins

33
Q

What is the function of peripheral proteins?

A

facilitate communication and coordination between cells

34
Q

What are carbohydrates important for? Example?

A

intercellular communication and recognition; immune system function

35
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

movement of molecules down their conc gradient across the cell membrane

35
Q

What transport utilizes diffusion? Definition?

A

Passive; particles move down their conc gradient from high to low

36
Q

Two types of cellular transport? Difference?

A

Active and passive; actives requires energy

37
Q

What is osmosis?

A

diffusion of water molecules from low solvent conc to high solvent conc

38
Q

What direction do active transport particles move?

A

against their concentration gradients

39
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

diffusion that requires a membrane transport channel protein

40
Q

What is primary active transport? Example?

A

the direct utilization of ATP for energy in order to transport particles across the cell membrane; Sodium-potassium pump

41
Q

What is secondary active transport?

A

Use of the energy of one type of particle moving down its gradient to power another particle against its gradient

41
Q

What are symporters?

A

move both types of molecules in the same direction across the membrane

42
Q

What are antiporters?

A

Move the two types of molecules in opposite direction

43
Q

What does secondary active transport require? Why?

A

primary active transport; to establish necessary gradients

44
Q

Three types of protein filaments that comprise cytoskeleton from smallest to largest?

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

44
Q

What are microfilaments? Functions?

A

thin strands of actin protein monomers; movements, structure, tracks for transport

45
Q

What is cytoskeleton?

A

Network of filaments throughout the cell and cell membrane

46
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton?

A

Support/Shape
Organization of organelles
Infrastructure for vesicular movement
Movement

47
Q

What are tight junctions? Example?

A

Waterproof (impermeable barrier to separate fluids of either side of tissue), connection points between cells; epithelial tissue of the bladder

47
Q

What are the functions of microtubules?

A

resist compression forces
aid in vesicular transport
form the spindle during mitosis

47
Q

Shape, location, and function of gap junctions? Example?

A

donut shaped rings of transmembrane proteins, aligned between two cells, forms a channel that crosses the membrane of both cells connecting their cytoplasms; cardiomyocytes

47
Q

What are spot welds formally known as?

A

desmosomes

48
Q

What are intermediate filaments? Functions? Example?

A

thicker strands of proteins; bear tension, shape, keep organelles in place; keratin

49
Q

Three different types of cell adhesion?

A

Gap junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions

49
Q

Function of desmosomes? Example?

A

Allows for stretch without tearing, connection; keratinocytes

50
Q

What are the three germ layers?

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

51
Q

What layer is endoderm? Example of locations of endoderm?

A

Inner; GI tract, pulmonary system, thymus, liver, pancreas

52
Q

What layer is mesoderm? Examples of locations found?

A

Middle; muscle, blood vessels, endocrine glands

53
Q

Layer of ectoderm? Examples?

A

Outer; epidermis, hair, nasal cavity, mouth, anus

Form and Function (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions