Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z biology paper one > cell biology > Flashcards

cell biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus. Larger and more complex (10-100 micrometres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells don’t have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus. Smaller but complex (1-10 micrometres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic - bacteria

Eukaryotic - animal and plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is one order of magnitude?

A

An order of magnitude is x10.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus contains genetic information and controls the activities in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in or out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is where chemical reactions take place and contains enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are where protein synthesis takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria is where most reactions for aerobic respiration take place, which transfers energy that the cell needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

The cell wall is only in plant cells for strength and support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

The vacuole is only in plant cells and contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts) to keep the cell rigid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

The chloroplast is only in plant cells and is where photosynthesis takes place. It contains green chlorophyll which absorbs light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does it mean if a cell is specialised?

A

Specialisation means that a cell has differentiated to carry out a particular function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is a sperm cell adapted for its function?

A

sperm cell:

  • tail and streamlined head to move into egg
  • lots of mitochondria to provide energy
  • enzymes in head to digest egg membrane
  • large nucleus for more DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is a nerve cell adapted for its function?

A

nerve cell:

  • long axon carries electrical impulses
  • myelin coating insulates to speed up impulses
  • synapses to allow passing of impulses
  • dendrites increase surface area so other cells connect easily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is a muscle cell adapted for its function?

A

muscle cell:

  • protein fibres which can change their length
  • lots of mitochondria to provide energy
  • they work together as a tissue
17
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?

A

root hair cell:

  • small hairs increase surface area, so more effective at taking up water
  • don’t contain chloroplasts as underground
  • large vacuole speeds up water movement
18
Q

How is a xylem cell adapted for its function?

A

xylem cell: (carry water and minerals from roots to leaves)

  • very thick walls with lignin for support
  • hollow tube so water and minerals can flow through
  • no nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole or chloroplast
19
Q

How is a phloem cell adapted for its function?

A

phloem cell: (carry dissolves sugars around plant)

  • companion cells provide energy
  • phloem vessel cells have no nucleus and limited cytoplasm and mitochondria to allow easier flow
20
Q

What are the differences between a light and electron microscope?

A

light - colour, easier to carry, longer wave length

electron - more magnification and resolution

21
Q

Describe bacterial division.

A

binary fission:

1) DNA and plasmids replicate
2) they move to opposite sides
3) cytoplasm divides and new cell wall forms

22
Q

Describe mitosis.

A

mitosis (cell division):

1) DNA replicates so two copies of each chromosome
2) the cell grows and copies some subcellular structures
3) one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
4) the nucleus divides
5) cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form identical cells

23
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell.

24
Q

What is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells have the potential to form almost any cell, but adult stem cells cannot differentiate.

25
Q

What is theraputic cloning?

A

Theraputic cloning is when an embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient, so the stem cells are not rejected by the patient.

26
Q

What type of tissue is used for plants as stem cells?

A

Roots and buds of plants contain meristem tissue, which is stem cells for plants.

27
Q

Define diffusion.

A

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles resulting in a net movement from an area of higher to lower concentration.

28
Q

Give examples of diffusion in the body.

A

examples of diffusion in the body:

  • oxygen moves into cells by diffusion
  • urea diffuses out of cells into blood plasma to the kidneys
29
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

factors affecting diffusion:

  • the higher the concentration gradient, the faster diffusion
  • the higher the temperature, the faster diffusion as particles have more kinetic energy
  • the larger the surface area, the faster diffusion
30
Q

Define osmosis.

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of dilute to concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane.

31
Q

Define active transport.

A

Active transport moves substances from a more dilute to more concentrated solution against the concentration gradient. This requires energy from respiration.

32
Q

How is active transport used in plant root hair cells?

A

Active transport allows mineral ions to be absorbed into plant root hair cells from a very dilute solutions in the soil, and plants require these for growth.

33
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

magnification = image size / real size

z biology paper one (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions