Cell Biology

Question 0

Simple diffusion

Answer 0

Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 1

Cholesterol

Answer 1

Helpful at the membrane by maintaining fluidity; decreases fluidity at moderate temps, hinders solidification at low temps

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

Water moves down its concentration gradient

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

Movement of molecule across a membrane with a m-bound protein

Doesn’t require energy

Question 4

Active transport

Answer 4

Molecules move against concentration gradient

Require energy (ATP)

Question 5

Water potential

Answer 5

Pressure exerted by water molecules hitting the membrane

Determined by solute potential and pressure potential

WP=SP+PP

Measured in bars or Pascals

Question 6

Pressure potential

Answer 6

The more water inside a cell, the greater the PP because it wants to escape, and negates more from coming in

Question 7

Solute potential

Answer 7

Affected by amount of solute in a solution

Adding solute lowers potential

Never positive; always zero or neg

Question 8

-iCRT

Answer 8

I= number of particles the molecule will make in water (NaCl makes two)

C= molar concentration of solution

R= pressure constant (0.0831 liter bar/mole K)

T= temp in degrees Kelvin of solution

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Contains chromosomes

Directs protein synthesis

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

Digests macromolecules and cell debris

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

Protection/support

Contains cellulose or chitin

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Carries out cellular respiration, produces ATP

Question 13

Peroxisome

Answer 13

Breaks down fatty acids

Question 14

Vacuole/water vacuole

Answer 14

Large membrane-bound sac in plants/animals

Storage compartment for water, sugars, ions

Question 15

Chloroplast

Answer 15

Site of photosynthesis

Question 16

Cytoskeleton

Answer 16

Structural support, cell movement

Question 17

Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

Stacks of flattened vesicles that packages proteins for export

Question 18

Smooth ER

Answer 18

Important in lipid/carbs metabolism and detoxification

Lacks ribosomes

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

Synthesizes proteins

Contains ribosomes

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

Large molecules found on rough ER’s that synthesize proteins

Question 21

Cristae

Answer 21

Folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

Largest structure in nucleus; responsible for ribosome synthesis

Question 23

Centromeres

Answer 23

Consists of two centrioles that release spindle fibers during mitosis to pull chromosomes away from each other