Cell Biology

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Controls what happens inside the cell. Carries genetic info. In both animal and plant cells.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen. In both animal and plant cells.

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

Controls what substances enter and leave the cell. In both animal and plant cells.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Releases energy. Aerobic respiration respiration happens here. In both animal and plant cells.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

These make proteins. Process also known as protein synthesis. In both plant and animal cells.

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

Photosynthesis takes place here. Contain chlorophyll, which make the leaf green. In plant cells.

Question 7

Cell Wall

Answer 7

Made of cellulose. Strengthens cell and gives it support. In plant cells.

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

Filled with cell sap. Rigid to support cell. In plant cells.

Question 9

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 9

Plant and animal cells are a type of eukaryotic cell. DNA in a nucleus.

Question 10

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 10

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells. DNA not in a nucleus, in plasmid.

Question 11

Light Microscope

Answer 11

Uses light to magnify specimen

Question 12

Electron Microscope

Answer 12

Uses electrons to magnify specimen

Question 13

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Answer 13

Gives a 3D image

Question 14

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Answer 14

Gives a 2D image

Question 15

Resolution

Answer 15

Minimum distance apart that 2 objects can be to see them both as individual objects

Question 16

Magnification

Answer 16

Making an image larger/bigger

Question 17

Magnification Equation

Answer 17

size of image/size of real object

Question 18

What is DNA?

Answer 18

DNA is the carrier of genetic material. It determines our genetic characteristics of us.

Question 19

What is a chromosome?

Answer 19

This is DNA tightly wrapped around proteins.

Question 20

What is a Gene?

Answer 20

This is the short section of DNA that controls a particular characteristic.

Question 21

What is a Specialised Cell?

Answer 21

A cell that performs a specific function. The structure of a cell helps it to carry out this function.

Question 22

What is Differentiation?

Answer 22

The process in which stem cells become cells with a specific function, e.g nerve cells, red blood cells.

Question 23

What are Stem Cells?

Answer 23

Unspecialised cells. They divide and form specialised cells of your various tissues and organs by switching genes on or off.

Question 24

What is Diffusion?

Answer 24

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. No energy is required.

Question 25

Factors affecting diffusion

Answer 25

Temperature, Thickness of Diffusion Pathway, Concentration Gradient, Surface Area

Question 26

What is Osmosis?

Answer 26

The diffusion of water molecules from a high concentration of water (dilute solution) to a low concentration of water (concentrated solution) across a partially-permeable membrane.

Question 27

Osmosis in animal cells

Answer 27

Animal cells don't have a cell wall, so this means they will either swell and burst or shrink if too much water leaves.