Bioenergetics Flashcards
How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?
Because they have many chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a stomata to allow gas to move in and out of the leaf, and guard cells to control the opening and closing of the stomata.
Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?
Endothermic, as it takes in energy from the sun.
What do plants need?
Sunlight- plants need a source of energy
Chlorophyll- the green stuff which makes plants green
Water- travels up from roots
Carbon Dioxide- diffuses in through the holes in the leaves
Word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water = oxygen + glucose
What is Metabolism?
The metabolism of an organism is the sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or in the body. These reactions are caused by enzymes.
What does metabolism include?
The conversion of glucose to starch
The formation of lipids
The formation of amino acids and proteins
Respiration
The breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
What monomers make up starch?
Glucose
What are monomers of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are monomers of enzymes?
Amino acids because enzymes are made of protein.
What is Aerobic respiration?
A series of chemical reactions the releases energy using oxygen. Respiration is an exothermic reaction.
Uses of the energy released from Aerobic respiration?
Break down of larger molecules
Build up larger molecules from smaller ones, e.g proteins from amino acids.
Muscle contraction
Maintain a constant body temperature
Active transport
Why might a thickened alveoli leave an individual feeling tired?
Because the alveoli are air sacs, and a thickened one increases the diffusion pathway. It also leaves oxygen restricted, and so it can’t diffuse properly. If the body can’t get enough oxygen, it can’t respirate, and therefore won’t release energy, leaving you tired.
What does anaerobic respiration happen?
When exercising very hard, the heart can’t get enough energy to the muscles, so the body gets energy from anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic means without oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration in yeast muscles equation?
Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
Anaerobic respiration in animals equation?
Glucose = Lactic acid
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen needed to convert the lactic acid to glucose.
What are differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is not as effective as aerobic respiration because the glucose molecules are not broken down completely. Far less energy is transferred than during aerobic respiration.
What is Fermentation?
Ethanol is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages like beer and wine. In bread-making, bubbles of carbon dioxide gas expand the dough and help the bread rise. This is Fermentation.
What is glycogen?
Glucose in our bodies is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver. Glycogen is converted back into glucose during exercise.
Why during exercise does the body’s rate of respiration increase?
During exercise, the body’s energy needs are high, and so the rate of respiration increases.
What is the order of needs during exercise?
High energy need –> High rate of aerobic respiration –> high demand for glucose and oxygen –> fast heart and breathing rates.
