cell biology Flashcards
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus containing DNA.
Examples = Plant and Animal Cells
What is a Prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus (DNA is loose).
Example = Bacteria Cell
Which parts are in an animal cell?
Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
Which parts are in a plant cell?
Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Vacuole
What is the equation for magnification?
Remember: The units for both sizes must be the same e.g. both in cm so you may need to convert them.
How are new cells made?
Body cells = Mitosis
Sex cells = Meiosis
Why do cells need to make new copies of themselves?
So organisms can grow
To repair damage
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells. They can specialise to become all other types of cells.
What are the two types of stem cells?
Embryonic Stem Cells = Can differentiate into all types of cells.
Adult Stem Cells = Can only differentiate into some cells.
Where are animal and plant stem cells produced?
Embryonic = Embryos
Adult = In bone marrow
Plant = In meristem tissue
What is therapeutic cloning?
Embryonic stem cells have their DNA removed and replaced by the patient’s DNA. Stem cells are then used to treat medical conditions.
What is a Nucleus?
A cell part that contains DNA and controls the activity of the cell.
What is a Cell membrane?
A cell part that controls what can enter and leave the cell.
What is Cytoplasm?
Where reactions take place in the cell.
What is Mitochondria?
A cell part that releases energy by carrying out respiration.
What is a Ribosome?
A cell part that synthesizes (makes) proteins.
What is a Cell wall?
A cell part that makes the cell rigid.
What are Chloroplasts?
A cell part that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis, which creates food (glucose) for the plant.
What is a Vacuole?
A cell part that stores sap (a sugary liquid).
What is Mitosis?
Cell division. Creates 2 cells which are identical to the original cell.
What is Meiosis?
Cell division. Creates 4 cells which have half the DNA of the original cell.
What is Diffusion?
Spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.
What is Osmosis?
Movement of water particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, across a partially permeable membrane.
What is Active Transport?
Movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration using energy.
