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Anatomy > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter in an object

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3
Q

chemical elements

A

limited number of building blocks that make of all forms of matter

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4
Q

That are the 4 major elements

A

(O) oxygen - 65% of body
(C) carbon - 18.5% of body
(H) hydrogen - 9.5% of body
(N) nitrogen - 3.2% of body
total of 96% of the body’s mass

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5
Q

What are the lesser elements?

A

calcium
phosphorus (P)
potassium (K)
sulfur (S)
sodium
chlorine (Cl)
magnesium (Mg)
iron (Fe)

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6
Q

how many elements are on the periodic table

A

118

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7
Q

how many trace elements are there?

A

14

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8
Q

what is an atom

A

the basic building block of matter

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9
Q

what is the smallest atom?

A

hydrogen atom

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10
Q

how many subatomic particles are there in an atom?

A

3….
protons
neutrons
electrons

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11
Q

nucleus definition

A

membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic material (central core of atom)

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12
Q

chemistry

A

science of structure and interactions of matter

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13
Q

weight

A

force of gravity acting on matter, changes due to amount of gravity

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14
Q

solid matter of the body

A

bones, teeth

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15
Q

liquid matter of the body

A

blood plasma

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16
Q

gas matter of the body

A

oxygen

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17
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in nucleus of an atom

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18
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons

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19
Q

isotopes (def)

A

atoms of an element with different # neutrons.
most isotopes are stable

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20
Q

are radioactive isotopes stable or unstable?

A

they are unstable because the nuclei decays and emits radiation

21
Q

FACT: atoms can gain, lose or share electrons
- interact with other atoms to achieve stability

A

FACT: atoms can gain, lose or share electrons
- interact with other atoms to achieve stability

22
Q

molecule (def)

A

2 or more atoms share electrons

23
Q

compound (def)

A

a substance that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements

24
Q

free radicals (def)

A

unstable atoms or groups of atoms that are destructive to nearby molecules

25
Q

antioxidants (def)

A

substances that inactivate free radicals

26
Q

half-life of an isotope is?

A

the time it takes for half the sample to decay

27
Q

what is an ion?

A

a particle that has a positive or negative charge because of its unequal number of protons and electrons

28
Q

what is a molecule?

A

a group of atoms bonded together

29
Q

what are chemical bonds?

A

the forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule

30
Q

what is the octet rule?

A

atoms prefer to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell (the valence shell)

31
Q

what are ionic bonds

A

the force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges

32
Q

what are reactants?

A

starting substances

33
Q

what are products?

A

ending substances

34
Q

what are electrolytes?

A

liquid or gel that contains ions

35
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

when 2 or more atoms share electrons

36
Q

what is energy?

A

the capacity to go work

37
Q

what is chemical energy

A

potential energy stored in bonds of compounds and molecules

38
Q

what is a hydrogen bond

A

forms when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts a partial negative charge

39
Q

what is a chemical reaction?

A

when new bonds form, or old bonds break between atoms

40
Q

what is an exergonic reaction?

A

releases more energy than it absorbs

41
Q

what is an endergonic reaction?

A

absorbs more energy than they release

42
Q

what is catabolism?

A

breaks down large complex molecules in smaller ones, releasing energy

43
Q

what is anabolism?

A

builds larger, more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy

44
Q

what is oxidation?

A

the loss of electrons

45
Q

FACT: Kinetic energy is actively using energy for movement, while potential energy is stationary with stored energy to be released

A

FACT: Kinetic energy is actively using energy for movement, while potential energy is stationary with stored energy to be released

46
Q

FACT:
inorganic - usually lacks carbon
organic - always contains carbon

A

FACT:
inorganic - usually lacks carbon
organic - always contains carbon

47
Q

hydrophilic

A

dissolve easily in water

48
Q

hydrophobic

A

not very water soluble

49
Q
A

Anatomy (15 decks)

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