Cell Biology

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

mass

Answer 2

the amount of matter in an object

Question 3

chemical elements

Answer 3

limited number of building blocks that make of all forms of matter

Question 4

That are the 4 major elements

Answer 4

(O) oxygen - 65% of body
(C) carbon - 18.5% of body
(H) hydrogen - 9.5% of body
(N) nitrogen - 3.2% of body
total of 96% of the body’s mass

Question 5

What are the lesser elements?

Answer 5

calcium
phosphorus (P)
potassium (K)
sulfur (S)
sodium
chlorine (Cl)
magnesium (Mg)
iron (Fe)

Question 6

how many elements are on the periodic table

Answer 6

118

Question 7

how many trace elements are there?

Answer 7

14

Question 8

what is an atom

Answer 8

the basic building block of matter

Question 9

what is the smallest atom?

Answer 9

hydrogen atom

Question 10

how many subatomic particles are there in an atom?

Answer 10

3….
protons
neutrons
electrons

Question 11

nucleus definition

Answer 11

membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic material (central core of atom)

Question 12

chemistry

Answer 12

science of structure and interactions of matter

Question 13

weight

Answer 13

force of gravity acting on matter, changes due to amount of gravity

Question 14

solid matter of the body

Answer 14

bones, teeth

Question 15

liquid matter of the body

Answer 15

blood plasma

Question 16

gas matter of the body

Answer 16

oxygen

Question 17

atomic number

Answer 17

number of protons in nucleus of an atom

Question 18

mass number

Answer 18

number of protons and neutrons

Question 19

isotopes (def)

Answer 19

atoms of an element with different # neutrons.
most isotopes are stable

Question 20

are radioactive isotopes stable or unstable?

Answer 20

they are unstable because the nuclei decays and emits radiation

Question 21

FACT: atoms can gain, lose or share electrons
- interact with other atoms to achieve stability

Answer 21

FACT: atoms can gain, lose or share electrons
- interact with other atoms to achieve stability

Question 22

molecule (def)

Answer 22

2 or more atoms share electrons

Question 23

compound (def)

Answer 23

a substance that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements

Question 24

free radicals (def)

Answer 24

unstable atoms or groups of atoms that are destructive to nearby molecules

Question 25

antioxidants (def)

Answer 25

substances that inactivate free radicals

Question 26

half-life of an isotope is?

Answer 26

the time it takes for half the sample to decay

Question 27

what is an ion?

Answer 27

a particle that has a positive or negative charge because of its unequal number of protons and electrons

Question 28

what is a molecule?

Answer 28

a group of atoms bonded together

Question 29

what are chemical bonds?

Answer 29

the forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule

Question 30

what is the octet rule?

Answer 30

atoms prefer to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell (the valence shell)

Question 31

what are ionic bonds

Answer 31

the force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges

Question 32

what are reactants?

Answer 32

starting substances

Question 33

what are products?

Answer 33

ending substances

Question 34

what are electrolytes?

Answer 34

liquid or gel that contains ions

Question 35

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 35

when 2 or more atoms share electrons

Question 36

what is energy?

Answer 36

the capacity to go work

Question 37

what is chemical energy

Answer 37

potential energy stored in bonds of compounds and molecules

Question 38

what is a hydrogen bond

Answer 38

forms when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts a partial negative charge

Question 39

what is a chemical reaction?

Answer 39

when new bonds form, or old bonds break between atoms

Question 40

what is an exergonic reaction?

Answer 40

releases more energy than it absorbs

Question 41

what is an endergonic reaction?

Answer 41

absorbs more energy than they release

Question 42

what is catabolism?

Answer 42

breaks down large complex molecules in smaller ones, releasing energy

Question 43

what is anabolism?

Answer 43

builds larger, more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy

Question 44

what is oxidation?

Answer 44

the loss of electrons

Question 45

FACT: Kinetic energy is actively using energy for movement, while potential energy is stationary with stored energy to be released

Answer 45

FACT: Kinetic energy is actively using energy for movement, while potential energy is stationary with stored energy to be released

Question 46

FACT: inorganic - usually lacks carbon organic - always contains carbon

Answer 46

FACT: inorganic - usually lacks carbon organic - always contains carbon

Question 47

hydrophilic

Answer 47

dissolve easily in water

Question 48

hydrophobic

Answer 48

not very water soluble