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Anatomy > Cell Bio Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Cell Bio Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how many cells in human body

A

100 trillion

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2
Q

3 main parts of cell

A

nucleus
plasma membrane
cytoplasm

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3
Q

why does a cell have a plasma membrane? 3 things

A

protection

communication

transport

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4
Q

what is the plasma membrane made out of?

A

phospholipids and embedded proteins

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5
Q

what is cytoplasm made of?

A

jelly like substance made of water, salt and proteins

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6
Q

what is the cytoplasm’s purpose?

A

hold the organelles

provides a medium for chemical reactions to occur

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7
Q

what is the purpose of the nucleus?

A

controls growth, reproduction and metabolism

holds the nucleoli, chromosome and chromatin

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8
Q

what is the cell membrane made of?
specifically

A

phospholipids which have hydrophilic heads (face outward) and hydrophobic tails (face inward)

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9
Q

what are the 3 functions of the proteins embedded in the membrane

A

channels

gates

receptors

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10
Q

why is the membrane also called the “fluid mosaic”?

A

because the phospholipids and proteins can move around within the layer

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11
Q

what is the outside of the membrane called?

A

the lipid bilayer (double layer)

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12
Q

what is the main structure of the lipid bilayer?

A

heads that are hydrophilic

tails that are hydrophobic

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13
Q

what is cholesterols function within the membrane?

A

to keep it flexible

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14
Q

what is the function of glycolipids in the membrane?

A

mainly used for receptors and communication (usually facing outwards)

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15
Q

what to integral proteins do in the membrane?

A

they are embedded in the membrane and span across the whole thing, providing transport

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16
Q

what do peripheral proteins do in the membrane?

A

loosely attached to the outside of the membrane, act as receptors and transport substances across the membrane

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17
Q

What are ion channels?

A

specialized doors that open and close to let specific ions pass through

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18
Q

what is a carrier? (integral)

A

specialized carrier proteins that move molecules in and out of the cell (nutrition and waste)

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19
Q

What is a receptor? (integral)

A

essentially an antennae (picking up outside info and relaying it to the inside

20
Q

somatic meaning?

A

body

21
Q

how many chromosomes do human cells have?

A

46

22
Q

linker proteins function (integral and peripheral)

A

connectors that keep structure intact

communication and adhesion between cells

23
Q

enzyme function (integral and peripheral)

A

assist in various functions on inside and outside of cell (ex chemical reactions)

24
Q

cell identity (glycoprotein)

A

helps cells communicate and interact with each other

25
Q

What is the liquid bilayer permeable to? (highly permeable to impermeable)

A

O2, CO2, steroids (highly permeable)

water and urea (moderately permeable)

ions, large uncharged particles such as glucose (impermeable)

26
Q

concentration gradient meaning

A

a difference in the concentration of a substance

27
Q

electrical gradient meaning

A

a difference in the electrical charge across a membrane

28
Q

what are the two types of transport across the membrane

A

active and passive

29
Q

passive transport meaning

A

moves substances without the use of energy from the cell

30
Q

active transport meaning

A

moves substances across the cell membrane with energy (usually ATP)

31
Q

what is simple diffusion?

A

when a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are evenly distributed

32
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

when a substance moves across the membrane with help from special proteins, (but they don’t require energy)

33
Q

what is osmosis

A

when water moves across the membrane from a area of low solute to an area with high solute

34
Q

what is tonicity?

A

The solute concentration outside the cell is equal to the concentration inside the cell

35
Q

what are the 3 tonicity states?

describe the states

A

isotonic - outside the cell has the same amount of solute as inside the cell

hypotonic - outside the cell has less solute than inside the cell (the cell sucks in water and could potentially burst)

hypertonic - the outside of the cell has more solute than inside the cell (this causes water to leave the cell and it could shrink)

36
Q

describe vesicle transport

A

vesicle sacs move the substance from one side of the membrane to the other

37
Q

name the 3 directions of vesicle transport

A

endocytosis - the substance is moved from outside to the inside of the membrane

exocytosis - the substance is moved from inside to the outside of the cell

transcytosis - the membrane is moved from one side of the cell to the other (within the cell)

38
Q

what is the cytoskeleton?

A

a network of protein fibers than form a sort of cage to keep the cells shape (also has roads that allow things to move around)

39
Q

what is one of 3 things that a cell must do?

A

remain alive and function well

grow and divide

die

40
Q

What are:

DNA expression
transcription
translation

(in simple terms)

A

DNA template
DNA is copied
RNA attaches to a ribosome

41
Q

what is mitosis?

A

the action of duplicating the cells contents and making two identical copies

42
Q

what is meiosis?

A

reproductive cell division

43
Q

what is cell diversity?

A

different cells for different purposes

44
Q

What do glycoproteins help with?

A

cell communication

45
Q

where are phospholipids mainly found in the cell

A

the lipid bilayer

Anatomy (15 decks)

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