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Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

What is in the cell, the cytoskeleton and microscopes

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1
Q

What are the advantages of using Light microscopes?

A
  • they are cheap
  • portable
  • easy to set up
  • Can observe living things
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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a light microscope?

A
  • Low magnification
  • Low resolution
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3
Q

What is the other type of light microscope and how does it work? What are the benifits?

A

Laser scanning confocal - using a light beam to illuminate chemical stains. Florissant - you can see living cells and observe cell processes.

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of electron microscopes?

A

Transmission and Scanning

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5
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an electron microscope?

A

Advantages
- High magnification
- Sees detail inside of cells
- High resolution

Disadvantages
- Only see dead material
- Harsh chemicals used in preparation which can cause artefacts
- Expensive

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6
Q

How does a transition electron microscope work and what are the pros and cons?

A

Uses focused beams of electrons reflected through sections of tissues.
PROS - Sees details inside of cells, High res and mag
CON - only 2D and black and white

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7
Q

How does and Scanning electron microscope work?

A

Uses focused beams of electrons reflected off sections of tissue
PRO - See surfaces and structures, high mag and res
CONS - Black and white

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8
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

A
  • Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
  • Receptor molecules to allow the cell to respond to chemicals like hormones.
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9
Q

What is the role and what is a cell wall (plant)?

A
  • A ridged structure that surrounds cells that is mainly made of cellulose
  • Supports plant cells
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10
Q

What is and which is the role of the Nucleus?

A

It is a legend organelle that is surrounded by a nucleus envelope with nuclear pores.
it contains chromatin (which is a mixture of DNA and Proteins) and the nucleolus

  • it controls the cells activities
  • pores allow substances like RNA to move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
  • Nucleolus makes ribosomes
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11
Q

What is the lysosome and what is the role?

A

It is a round organelle that is surrounded by a membrane. No clear internal structure
- it contains digestive enzymes that digest invading cells and breakdown worn components.

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12
Q

What is the mitochondrion and what does it do?

A

It is an oval shaped organelle that has a double membrane.
the inner membrane is folded to form the CRISTAE
inside is the MATRIX

  • Site of respiration ATP is produced
  • Large numbers of them
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13
Q

What is a chloroplast and what is its role?

A

it is a small flat structure in plants
it has a double membrane and the site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is the role of Ribosomes and what does it do?

A

It makes proteins

Small structure that floats freely in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER

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15
Q

What is the role of the RER?

A

Folds and packages proteins that have been made at ribosomes

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16
Q

What is the SER and what is the role?

A

Simmular to RER but has no ribosomes
Makes and processes lipids

17
Q

What is a vesicle and what does it do?

A

it is a fluid filled sack in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
transports substances in and out of the cell and between organelles

18
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus and what does it do?

A

Group of fluid filled sacks that are membrane bound

Processes and packages lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

19
Q

What is the centriole and what does it do?

A

Small hollow cylinders made of microtubules for the separation of Chromosomes in cell division.

20
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Tiny protein cylinders

21
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

Small solid strands

22
Q

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Microtubules and microfilaments support the organelles and keep them in position
  • Strengthens the cell and maintains its shape
  • Responsible for the movement of substances within the cell
  • Causes the cell to move (flagella and cilia)
23
Q

What is Cillia?

A

Hair like structures on the surface of animals
it has a ring of pairs of microtubules that cause the cilia to move

Biology (7 decks)

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