cell biology

Question 1

what are the sub cellular structures in a animal cell

Answer 1

nucleas
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosomes

Question 2

as well as the sub cellular structures in a animal cell what other structures does a plant cell contain

Answer 2

cell wall
vacuole
chloroplasts

Question 3

what does the nucleus do

Answer 3

controls activities of the cell and contains genetic material

Question 4

what does the cytoplasm do

Answer 4

where most chemical reactions take place

Question 5

what does the cell membrane do

Answer 5

controls passage of substances in and out the cell

Question 6

what happens in the mitochondria

Answer 6

aerobic respiration

Question 7

what happens in the ribosome

Answer 7

proteins are synthesised (made)

Question 8

what does the cell wall do

Answer 8

made of cellulose which strengthens the cell

Question 9

what does the vacuole do

Answer 9

filled with sap which supports the plant

Question 10

what does chloroplast do

Answer 10

absorb light to make glucose

Question 11

what cells are prokaryotic

Answer 11

bacteria

Question 12

what cells are eukaryotic

Answer 12

animal and plant

Question 13

what do prokaryotic cells have

Answer 13

smaller in size
genetic material not enclose in nuclear
single strand of dna
plasmids
no mitochondria or chloroplast

Question 14

what size is a typical plant cell

Answer 14

0.1mm

Question 15

what size cell is a animal cell

Answer 15

0.2mm

Question 16

what are two positives to a electron microscope

Answer 16

better resolution
mitochondria can be seen
ribosome can be seen
higher magnification

Question 17

how do u calculate magnification

Answer 17

size of image / size of real object

Question 18

what are the stages of mitosis

Answer 18

• increase in sub cellular structures
• DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome
• chromosome line up and divide
• one set of chromosome pulled to each end of sell
• cytoplasm and cell membranes divided to form two identical cells

Question 19

where are stem cells found

Answer 19

umbilical cord
bone marrow
embryo

Question 20

what are limited about adult stem cells

Answer 20

there capacity to divide is limited

Question 21

when are stem cells used

Answer 21

treating conditions where cells are damaged such as diabetes and paralysis

Question 22

what’s therapeutic cloning and it’s positives and negatives

Answer 22

a cloned embryo of the patient is made and used as a source of stem cells

stem cells from the clone embryo won’t be rejected by patience body
there may be a risk of transfer of viral infection

Question 23

where a stem cells found in plant cells

Answer 23

in special areas called meristems

Question 24

what can meristems be used for

Answer 24

produce clones of plants quickly
rare species can be cloned
disease resistant plants can be made

Question 25

what’s diffusion

Answer 25

movement of particles from an area of a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Question 26

what factors effect diffusion

Answer 26

difference in concentrations temp surface area of membrane

Question 27

how are small intestine and lungs in mammals , gills in fish and roots and leaves in plants adapted for diffusion /osmosis etc

Answer 27

- large surface area - surface is thin - surface area kept moist so substance can dissolve and diffuse across cell membrane faster - in animals rich blood support maintains concentration gradient - in animals ventilation occurs to speed up gaseous exchange

Question 28

what’s is osmosis

Answer 28

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution threw a permeable membrane

Question 29

what’s active transport

Answer 29

movement of substance against concentration from an area of a low concentration to a high concentration (requires energy)