Cell bio- structure and function

Question 1

What is the structure of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

They compartmentalise through the use of membrane bound nucleus and organelles and endomembrane system,
have a cytoskeleton for support and to maintain structure

Question 2

Describe DNA in eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

DNA is stored inside the nucleus.
It is divided into multiple linear chromosomes.

Question 3

Where does ribosomal RNA synthesis take place?

Answer 3

Nucleolus

Question 4

what is the endomembrane system?

Answer 4

Makes eukaryotic cells more mature and allows them to carry out more functions

Question 5

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

RER- Synthesis of proteins to be secreted
SER- stores Ca^2+, synthesis and detoxification

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Series of flattened membrane discs
package and distribute molecules synthesised at one location and used at another inside or outside of the cell.

Question 7

vacuoles

Answer 7

store nutrients for cell energy

Question 8

vesicles

Answer 8

membrane bound and carry molecules to be excreted
form during exocytosis, phagocytosis, endocytosis

Question 9

Cytoskeleton

Answer 9

Supports the 3D structure of the cell.
Network of protein fibres
supports shape of the cell, and keeps organelles in fixed locations
Dynamic system
made of muscle fibre
constantly forming and disassembling

Question 10

Microfilaments

Answer 10

made of actin
2 chains loosely twined together
contract, crawl, pinch
help with cell migration

Question 11

Microtubules

Answer 11

Largest cell fibre
help with cell migration
alpha and beta tubular subunits

Question 12

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 12

Stable - so not usually broken down

Question 13

centrosomes

Answer 13

surround centrioles

Question 14

centrioles

Answer 14

microtubule organising centre
can nucleate the assembly of microtubules