Cell Bio review Flashcards
Tissue
cells from the same kind that perform a shared function
Organ
tissues combined together
Organ System
organs serving a common physiological function
Cell theory
All living organisms are composed of one of more cells, the cells are the basic unit of all life and new cells arise from existing cells
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: no nucleus
Eukaryotes: true nucleus
Components of a cell
Cell boundaries, cytoplasm, and nucleus
Plasma Membrance
Cell boundary, control transport of molecules, cell contact
- phospholipid bilayer with hydrobic tail and hydrophyllic head
- peripheral and integral proteins
- aquaporins (bidirectional channels that allow water to pass.
- carbohydrates for cell recognition
Cytoplasm
entire space between the plasma membrane and nucleus containing all cellular organelles
cytosol
the liquid/gel environment in which organelles are suspended
Double membrane bound cell organelles
Nucleus and mitochondria
Nucleus
preserves genetic information
-contains nucleolus that aggregates rRNA with proteins to make ribosomes
Mitochondira
the only organelle with its own DNA (mtDNA)
-site for oxidative phosphorylation that provides energy/ATP
Single membrane bound cell organelles
ER,golgi, lysosomes and peroxisomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
rough has ribosomes and smooth does not.
function: protein modification and lipid synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
cis face and trans face (cis faces ER)
function: sorting, pakcing, and tagging of proteins and lipids
Lysosomes
ACIDIC PH
function: breakdown waste material and cellular debris
Peroxisomes
breakdown of molecules by oxidative reactions
-uric acid, amino acid, fatty acid
None membrane bound organelles
cytoskeleton, centrioles, ribosomes
Ribosomes
large and small sub units
function: synthesis of polypeptide chain
Centrosome
participates in pulling the chromosomes apart toward the two opposite cell poles during cell division
Cytoskeleton
intermedite and microfilaments
function: structural role and rigid shape
Cilia
Many small that moves fluids passed surface
Flagellum
1 big that moves the cell by wiggling (only sperm in human)
Vesicles
Membrane bound sacs that function in storage, transport, endo and pinocytosis
Extra Cellular Matrix of Animal Cells
complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that function to hold the cell together and allow the cell to communicate with each other
Tight Junctions
water tight connection between two animal cells.
Proteins: claudins and occludins
Functions: prevent material from leaking between cells and found in endothelial cells
Desmosomes/ adhering junctions
Forms a very strong spot weld between cells
Proteins: Cadherins and intermediate filaments
Functions: join two adjacent cells and maintain the cells in a sheet like formation to enable stretching
Gap Junctions
Protein lined pore that allows water and small molecules to pass between cells
Functions: transport of ions and nutrients, allows cells to communicate
Retina Cells
Photoreceptor cells
cilia for containing photosensitive compounds in a disk/sac
rods and cones
Rhodopsin (opsin and retinal) changes retinal configuration
respond to specific wavelengths
