Cell Bio Exam 2 Lecture 4 Flashcards
Organization of ___ chromosomes in the ____ is important to proper gene expression/ regulation
interphase, nucleus
___ are repeated (multi-copy) and found in large blocks
rRNAs
_______ ______on gene expression involve
gene location relative to different chromatin environments
Position effects
The process of _____ is a protein-DNA
interaction coupled to RNA synthesis carried out by _____
transcription, RNA polymerases
Another way to regulate is to ____
delegate
Gene organization and expression has more
_______ ________ in eukaryotes than prokaryotes
control points
Repeated regions of DNAs are often
complexed in a specific type
of highly condensed chromatin termed
_________– this can be found
at and near ______ and _______
as well as in other blocks on
chromosomes
heterochromatin, telomeres and centromeres
Low copy genes and middle repetitive sequences
are generally found in ______
regions of the genome.
euchromatic
A major difference between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes is the ______________________
proximity of binding sites for regulatory proteins to the promoter
Prok. Very close
Euk. Can be thousands of bp away
After accessing DNA in chromatin, the next major
control level will be ______ of the gene – a
collaboration of _____ _____ _____ and
core _____ _______
transcription, gene regulatory proteins, RNA polymerases
What are Protein-DNA contacts?
Protein-DNA contacts – weak bonds in the major
groove of the helix that confer sequence specificity to binding
In protein-DNA contancts, ______ binds the sequence _____ and bends the DNA beginning complex assembly to ultimately recruit and activate RNA polymerase
TFIID, TATA
Activator or repressor proteins which bind DNA to regulate the transcription of genes do so mainly by:
Non-covalent interactions between the protein and specific bases in the major groove of DNA
Before it can begin transcribing, RNA polymerase II
must be activated by _______
phosphorylation
The type of enzyme which phosphorylates the RNA polymerase II is a:
Kinase
