Cell Bio Exam 1

Question 1

Dephosphorylation

Answer 1

Protein phosphatase and water to remove the P to turn OFF the signal

Question 2

Phosphorylation

Answer 2

Protein Kinase and ATP to turn ON signal for a protien to carry out its mechanism
Places the P from ATP on protien and can increase or decrease the activity

Question 3

Condensation

Answer 3

creates a peptide bond and water leaves

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

breaks water and uses the water for the reaction which is favorable bc removing a phosphate

Question 5

Uncharged polar when an amino acid can bond to water
what are the examples?

Answer 5

Ser
THR
TYR

Question 6

Hemoglobin

Answer 6

how amino acids can bond to water
subunit and quantaery structure

Question 7

Bases

Answer 7

accept protons (positive charge)

Question 8

Acids

Answer 8

donate protons (negative charge)

Question 9

colavent

Answer 9

sharing electrons

Question 10

non covalent

Answer 10

completely exchanging or not at all
is ionic and van
weak non covalent makes macro molecules

Question 11

Polar

Answer 11

unequal
water molecule is highly polar

Question 12

non polar

Answer 12

equal (C and H) (NO NOHF)
Cystosol is non polar

Question 13

Hydrophobic forces

Answer 13

Immisicble (dont mix in water)

Question 14

Unsaturated

Answer 14

double bonds, fluid, kinks

Question 15

saturated

Answer 15

single bonds, less fluid, packed tightly

Question 16

Central Dogma

Answer 16

Replication(DNA)
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protine

Question 17

Disorder is called

Answer 17

entropy

Question 18

catabolic

Answer 18

breaking

Question 19

anabolic

Answer 19

buliding

Question 20

disulfide bonds

Answer 20

cysteine

Question 21

coupled reactions

Answer 21

has intermediate Y which energy which is transferred from one side to the other

Question 22

activated carrier

Answer 22

reaction improved if energy is added and is unfavorable reaction

Question 23

Vmax

Answer 23

maximum velocity of enzyme

Question 24

Km

Answer 24

enzyme to substrate

Question 25

sickle cell

Answer 25

hemoglobin HBB

Question 26

DNA packed by proteins into

Answer 26

chromatin

Question 27

DNA packaged by ______ which bind DNA to form _________

Answer 27

histones nucleosomes

Question 28

Histones and Nucleosomes are both

Answer 28

positive rich amino acids

Question 29

Heterochromatin

Answer 29

- if goes wrong genes are silenced - tightly packed nuclosmes - DNA is inactive - Darker - Found in teleomres and centromeres

Question 30

Euchromatin

Answer 30

- loosly bound to nuclosomes - DNA active - Lighter - Highest density of genes

Question 31

GTP - GDP

Answer 31

GTP os active and to go from GTP to GDP must hydrolysis GDP related GTP rebounded

Question 32

A strong base is defined

Answer 32

as a molecule that can remove protons from water

Question 33

A protein is usually tagged for degradation by proteasome activity by which of the following proteins?

Answer 33

Ubiquitin