Cell as an elementary unit of matter

Question 1

What is cytology?

Answer 1

is the branch of biology studying the structure and function of a cell

Question 2

the first microscope was created in

Answer 2

1590

Question 3

Hans and Zechariah Janssen

Answer 3

developed the first microscope

Question 4

Charles Francois Brisseau De Mirabel

Answer 4

established that plants are composed of Tissues named cells

Question 5

List important cell discoveries

Answer 5

1866 - 1888 - cell division was studied in detail and chromosomes were described.
1880 - Plastids were discovered.
1890 - Mitochondria were discovered.
1898 - Golgi apparatus was discovered.
1930 - Electron microscope was developed

Question 6

The modern cell theory

Answer 6

1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.
2. All cells are basically alike in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
4. Multicellular organisms compose of many cells which are connecting together and form unique system.

Question 7

What is the function of a capsule in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

additional outer covering protects the cell when it is engulfed by other organisms,
assists in retaining moisture, and helps the cell adhere to surfaces and nutrients;

Question 8

what is the function of the bacteria cell wall

Answer 8

a rigid outer layer from murein (peptidoglycan) that surrounds the
cell membrane, protects the cell, maintains shape and gives the protection

Question 9

what is the function of the pili

Answer 9

help bacteria attach to surfaces,

Question 10

what is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

is a gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes,
salts, cell components, and various organic molecules.

Question 11

is a nucleus present in a prokaryotic cell? Why not?

Answer 11

Nucleus is absent. Genetic material is single circular DNA molecule without connection with
proteins (histones); Cytoplasm region in which it’s located is named as NUCLEOID

Question 12

are membranous organelles present in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Ribosomes are responsible for what?

Answer 13

Protein synthesis

Question 14

what are plasmids?

Answer 14

Plasmids are the short DNA molecules, are extra-chromosomal pieces of DNA, they are
important for conjugation (type of reproduction).

Question 15

Mesosomes are what?

Answer 15

Mesosomes are cytoplasmic folders, containing the enzymes which are responsible for the
metabolic processes (respiration and photosynthesis);

Question 16

what is the average diameter of the cell nucleus

Answer 16

average diameter of the nucleus is

approximately 6 µm;

Question 17

Who found the nucleus?

Answer 17

It was found in plant cell by Robert
Brown in 1831, in animal cell by
Purkinje in 1839;

Question 18

Name the structural component of the Nucleus

Answer 18

1) Nuclear envelope;
2) Nucleoplasm;
3) Nucleolus;
4) Chromatin;

Question 19

Characteristics of the nuclear envelope

Answer 19

It’s double membranous (inner and
outer membranes);
It has nuclear pores;

Question 20

Functions of the Nucleolus

Answer 20

It consists of r-RNA and proteins
(1:1)
It’s responsible for the synthesis of
subunits of ribosomes.

Question 21

Functions of the Chromatin

Answer 21

It’s nucleoprotein (DNA
+histones);
It’s responsible to keep the
hereditary material;

Question 22

Functions of the nucleus

Answer 22

To keep the hereditary material;
2. To control the metabolic
processes;
3. To synthesize the ribosomes.
4. Synthesis of DNA and RNA
molecules.

Question 23

Chromatin has two conditions, name them

Answer 23

Condensed and uncondensed

Question 24

Condensation takes part in?

Answer 24

Cell division

Question 25

What gives an eukaryotic cell it’s shape?

Answer 25

Cytoplasm

Question 26

Cytosol is?

Answer 26

The liquid found inside the cell