Biology of Reproduction Flashcards
What is reproduction?
It is the ability of living organisms to produce new individuals
The types of reproduction
Sexual and Asexual
How many Parents are needed in Sexual and Asexual Reproduction?
Sexual- 2
Asexual-1
Type of Reproductive cell [unit] in each kind of reproduction
Sexual- Gamete
Asexual- Somatic cell or it’s group
What is the production and development of sexual cells?
Gametogenesis
Kinds of Asexual Reproduction
Budding, Fragmentation, Vegetative, Sporogony, Polyembryony
Kinds of sexual Reproduction
Unicellular- Conjugation, Copulation
Multicellular- With and without Fertilization.
What is Parthenogenesis?
Reproduction without fertilization.
The cell division in asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual- Mitosis
Sexual- Mitosis and Meiosis.
What are the kinds of Gametogenesis?
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Stages of Spermatogenesis
Multiplication, Division, Growth and Formation.
What are the stages of Oogenesis?
Multiplication, Growth and Maturation.
Females are born with how many Oocytes?
400000
What hormone triggers Ovulation?
Luteinizing Hormone
What is the complete fusion of two gametes to form a Zygote?
Copulation
What is conjugation?
It is the temporary fusion of two parents which exchange their male pronuclei and then separate. It can be found in paramecium and other ciliates.
What is the kind of asexual reproduction in which the individuals reproduce by spores
Sporogy
What is the fusion of the male and female gametes?
Fertilization.
The type of cells in each stage of Spermatogenesis includes
Multiplication Stage- Spermatogonium
Growth Stage- Primary Spermatocyte
Maturation Stage-Secondary Spermatocyte
Formation Stage- Spermatozoa
What is the kind of reproduction in which the daughter individual of a colony develops from it’s Paternal part.
Vegetative Propagation.
Armadillo’s exhibit what kind of Asexual reproduction and how?
Polyembryony. They produce four young ones per Zygote.
Hydra and Scypha exhibit what kind of budding?
External budding which occurs when buds arise from the surface of their parental body
In what case can humans be said to reproduce asexually.
In the reproduction of identical twins.
What gender is said to be less busy in Meiosis?
Female gender
What Hormone stimulates the follicles of the ovary to ripen?
FSH- Follicle stimulating Hormone.
List the Kinds of Ovule with examples
Oligoletcithal[small amount of Yolk] e.g mammals.
Mesolecithal [average amount of Yolk] e.g Amphibians and Insects.
Polylecithal [High amount of yolk.] e.g aves, reptiles, pisces
List the steps in Fertilization.
Egg activation Acrosome reaction Cortex reaction Fusion of the egg and sperm nuclei Zygote formation.
In what kind of Copulation are the fusing gametes alike morphologically and physiology
Isogamy e.g monocysts
In what Kind of Copulation are the fusing gametes different in form, size and structure.
Anisogamy e.g Humans
What is Oogamy?
It is when the fusing gametes are different in form, and size. One is big and inactive, while the other is small and active.
Male and female gametes are referred to as what and what respectively?
Microgametes and Macro gametes /Ova
Liver flukes and earthworms are termed as what kind of sexual organisms?
Hermaphrodites/Bisexual. They have both male and female gametes
What is Plasmotomy?
It is the division of a multinucleate parent cell into multinucleate daughter cells without the division of the nucleus. e.g Opoline and Pelomyxa
Organisms with one gametes are referred to as?
Unisexual or dioeceus.
During Spermatogenesis, developing cells keep their heads embedded in the(………………….) to draw nutrients from them
Sertoli Cells
Development of cells take about?
Two months
Sexual differentiation begins when?
During Gestation.
