cell and cell transport

Question 1

living cells can be

Answer 1

unicellular or multicellular

Question 2

what are the 3 types of cells

Answer 2

prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and archeans

Question 3

what are prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

lack a nucleus, and are often bacterias

Question 4

what are eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

cells containing a nucleus

Question 5

what are achaeans

Answer 5

cells that look like bacteria, but are chemically different

Question 6

what is the cell theory

Answer 6

1. all organisms are made up of cells
2. cells only come from other cells

Question 7

why does cell size matter?

Answer 7

small cells are good because they have the largest surface area, so nutrients can diffuse in quick, while wastes diffuse out quick

Question 8

what does the nucleus do

Answer 8

control the cell

Question 9

what makes up the plasma membrane

Answer 9

phospholipids and proteins
and cytoplasm

Question 10

what is the cytoplasm

Answer 10

semi-liquid fluid made of water, sale, dissolved organic molecules

Question 11

what is the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 11

separate the internal environment and maintain homeostasis

Question 12

what type of phospholipid is the membrane made of

Answer 12

phospholipid bilayer

Question 13

what are the two proteins in plasma membrane

Answer 13

integral and peripheral

Question 14

what is peripheral

Answer 14

proteins that interact with the surface of the plasma membrane

Question 15

what is integral

Answer 15

inside the plasma membrane

Question 16

what does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane

Answer 16

maintain the structure and fluidity of the cell

Question 17

what are the carb chains in plasma membrane

Answer 17

glycolipids, glycoproteins

Question 18

what are the four functions of p.m proteins

Answer 18

• transport materials across the membrane
• receive molecules like hormones
• cell recognition
• enzymes

Question 19

what is the permeability of the plasma membrane

Answer 19

it is selectively permeable, meaning somethings go in others do not

Question 20

what doesn’t pass through the interior of the membrane

Answer 20

charged molecules, such as Na or CL

Question 21

what can pass through the membrane

Answer 21

small uncharged molecules such as o2 or co2 followed by concentration gradient

Question 22

what is concentration gradient

Answer 22

concentration gradient is when a molecule moves from an area where conc, is high to where it is low, or vice-versa

Question 23

what is facilitated/passive transport

Answer 23

passage of molecules across the plasma membrane even when they are not lipid-soluble

Question 24

examples of passive transport

Answer 24

facilitated transport or diffusion

Question 25

does passive transport use atp

Answer 25

no

Question 26

what does active transport require

Answer 26

ATP(energy) and carrier protein

Question 27

Where do molecules move in active transport

Answer 27

against the gradient, to the higher concentration

Question 28

why is atp required in active transport

Answer 28

helps the carrier protein combine with transported molecules

Question 29

what is a pump

Answer 29

the carrier protein in active transport

Question 30

what is exocytosis

Answer 30

vesicles attache to the plasma membrane for secration

Question 31

example of exocytosis

Answer 31

when blood glucose is high, insulin is released into the body and absorbed by the cell

Question 32

what is endocytosis

Answer 32

cells that take in substances by forming a vesicle around the substance

Question 33

what is diffusion

Answer 33

passive movement of molecules from high to low conc. until equilibrium is reached

Question 34

what is osmosis

Answer 34

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane due to conc. differences

Question 35

what is osmotic pressure?

Answer 35

pressure that builds in a system due to osmosis

Question 36

how does diffusion go

Answer 36

from higher conc. to lower conc.

Question 37

what is isotonic

Answer 37

when the solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cell

Question 38

what is hypotonic?

Answer 38

lower concentration of solute, higher concentration of water

Question 39

what happens in hypotonic solutions?

Answer 39

cells swell and burst and turgor pressure increases.

Question 40

what is hypertonic?

Answer 40

there is a higher concentration of solute, and lower concentration of water

Question 41

what happens in hypertonic solutions?

Answer 41

water leaves the cell and goes to the solution. This causes cells to shrink

Question 42

cell membrane

Answer 42

selectively permeable "gatekeeper", like a fluid mosaic

Question 43

cell wall