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Anatomy and Physiology 12 > cell and cell transport > Flashcards

cell and cell transport Flashcards

1
Q

living cells can be

A

unicellular or multicellular

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of cells

A

prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and archeans

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3
Q

what are prokaryotic cells

A

lack a nucleus, and are often bacterias

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4
Q

what are eukaryotic cells

A

cells containing a nucleus

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5
Q

what are achaeans

A

cells that look like bacteria, but are chemically different

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6
Q

what is the cell theory

A
  1. all organisms are made up of cells
  2. cells only come from other cells
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7
Q

why does cell size matter?

A

small cells are good because they have the largest surface area, so nutrients can diffuse in quick, while wastes diffuse out quick

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8
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

control the cell

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9
Q

what makes up the plasma membrane

A

phospholipids and proteins
and cytoplasm

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10
Q

what is the cytoplasm

A

semi-liquid fluid made of water, sale, dissolved organic molecules

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11
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane

A

separate the internal environment and maintain homeostasis

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12
Q

what type of phospholipid is the membrane made of

A

phospholipid bilayer

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13
Q

what are the two proteins in plasma membrane

A

integral and peripheral

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14
Q

what is peripheral

A

proteins that interact with the surface of the plasma membrane

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15
Q

what is integral

A

inside the plasma membrane

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16
Q

what does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane

A

maintain the structure and fluidity of the cell

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17
Q

what are the carb chains in plasma membrane

A

glycolipids, glycoproteins

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18
Q

what are the four functions of p.m proteins

A
  • transport materials across the membrane
  • receive molecules like hormones
  • cell recognition
  • enzymes
19
Q

what is the permeability of the plasma membrane

A

it is selectively permeable, meaning somethings go in others do not

20
Q

what doesn’t pass through the interior of the membrane

A

charged molecules, such as Na or CL

21
Q

what can pass through the membrane

A

small uncharged molecules such as o2 or co2 followed by concentration gradient

22
Q

what is concentration gradient

A

concentration gradient is when a molecule moves from an area where conc, is high to where it is low, or vice-versa

23
Q

what is facilitated/passive transport

A

passage of molecules across the plasma membrane even when they are not lipid-soluble

24
Q

examples of passive transport

A

facilitated transport or diffusion

25
Q

does passive transport use atp

A

no

26
Q

what does active transport require

A

ATP(energy) and carrier protein

27
Q

Where do molecules move in active transport

A

against the gradient, to the higher concentration

28
Q

why is atp required in active transport

A

helps the carrier protein combine with transported molecules

29
Q

what is a pump

A

the carrier protein in active transport

30
Q

what is exocytosis

A

vesicles attache to the plasma membrane for secration

31
Q

example of exocytosis

A

when blood glucose is high, insulin is released into the body and absorbed by the cell

32
Q

what is endocytosis

A

cells that take in substances by forming a vesicle around the substance

33
Q

what is diffusion

A

passive movement of molecules from high to low conc. until equilibrium is reached

34
Q

what is osmosis

A

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane due to conc. differences

35
Q

what is osmotic pressure?

A

pressure that builds in a system due to osmosis

36
Q

how does diffusion go

A

from higher conc. to lower conc.

37
Q

what is isotonic

A

when the solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cell

38
Q

what is hypotonic?

A

lower concentration of solute, higher concentration of water

39
Q

what happens in hypotonic solutions?

A

cells swell and burst and turgor pressure increases.

40
Q

what is hypertonic?

A

there is a higher concentration of solute, and lower concentration of water

41
Q

what happens in hypertonic solutions?

A

water leaves the cell and goes to the solution. This causes cells to shrink

42
Q

cell membrane

A

selectively permeable “gatekeeper”, like a fluid mosaic

43
Q

cell wall

A

Anatomy and Physiology 12 (3 decks)

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