Cell anatomy and physiology Flashcards
The outermost structure that forms an envelope/skin around the inside components of a cell
Cellular Membrane
A colourless fluid that gives the cell mass and suspends all of the intracellular organelles
Cytoplasm
Network of canals and flattened sacs throughout the cytoplasm of the cell
Smooth & Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Tiny spherical organelles attached to the membrane of the rough ER
Ribosomes
Appear as tiny, elongated granules with thread-like ridges over the surface. Tiny generators.
Mitocondrion
Small enzyme-filled sacs that dissolve particles they come into contact with
Lysosome
Empty spaces look like holes in Swiss cheese. Often contain food for the cell or waste products to be removed from the cell.
Vacuole
Specializes in a series of flattened sacs and vesicles near the nucleus. Packages cellular products
Golgi apparatus
Separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane
Two main compartments that distribute water and other substances
Intra/extracellular
The process where a cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells
Mitosis
The first phase of mitosis turns chromatin into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes attach to spindle fibres
Prophase
Chromosomes line up against the center of the cell. Third phase of mitosis
Metaphase
Nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes unfold into chromatin, and cytokinesis can begin. Last phase of mitosis
Telophase
Deoxyribonucleic acid, molecule that contains genetic information
DNA
Single-stranded molecule that carries protein information from DNA in a cell nucleus to the cytoplasm
mRNA
A small molecule that acts as a link between mRNA and amino acids during protein synthesis
tRNA
True nucleus, organized organelles floating in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cell
Two cylindrical structures found near the nucleus and the golgi apparatus
Centriole
The study of cells
Cytology
A subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell.
Organelle
So small that it can only be seen under a microscope
Microscopic
A molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
A process where a cell engulfs and destroys foreign substances or dead cells
Phagocytosis
A process that moves large molecules and waste out of a cell and into extracellular space
Exocytosis
A process where a cell takes in extracellular fluids and dissolved molecules (cell drinking)
Pinocytosis
Membrane-bound organelle in a cell that contains DNA, and chromosomes and acts as the control center
Nucleus/Nuclei
A spherical organelle that has small dense structures that are composed of mainly RNA and protein
Nucleolus/Nucleoli
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low is called
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion is also known as?
Facilitation transport
