Cell anatomy and physiology

Question 1

The outermost structure that forms an envelope/skin around the inside components of a cell

Answer 1

Cellular Membrane

Question 2

A colourless fluid that gives the cell mass and suspends all of the intracellular organelles

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

Network of canals and flattened sacs throughout the cytoplasm of the cell

Answer 3

Smooth & Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Tiny spherical organelles attached to the membrane of the rough ER

Answer 4

Ribosomes

Question 5

Appear as tiny, elongated granules with thread-like ridges over the surface. Tiny generators.

Answer 5

Mitocondrion

Question 6

Small enzyme-filled sacs that dissolve particles they come into contact with

Answer 6

Lysosome

Question 7

Empty spaces look like holes in Swiss cheese. Often contain food for the cell or waste products to be removed from the cell.

Answer 7

Vacuole

Question 8

Specializes in a series of flattened sacs and vesicles near the nucleus. Packages cellular products

Answer 8

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm

Answer 9

Nuclear membrane

Question 10

Two main compartments that distribute water and other substances

Answer 10

Intra/extracellular

Question 11

The process where a cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

The first phase of mitosis turns chromatin into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes attach to spindle fibres

Answer 12

Prophase

Question 13

Chromosomes line up against the center of the cell. Third phase of mitosis

Answer 13

Metaphase

Question 14

Nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes unfold into chromatin, and cytokinesis can begin. Last phase of mitosis

Answer 14

Telophase

Question 15

Deoxyribonucleic acid, molecule that contains genetic information

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

Single-stranded molecule that carries protein information from DNA in a cell nucleus to the cytoplasm

Answer 16

mRNA

Question 17

A small molecule that acts as a link between mRNA and amino acids during protein synthesis

Answer 17

tRNA

Question 18

True nucleus, organized organelles floating in the cytoplasm

Answer 18

Eukaryotic cell

Question 19

Two cylindrical structures found near the nucleus and the golgi apparatus

Answer 19

Centriole

Question 20

The study of cells

Answer 20

Cytology

Question 21

A subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell.

Answer 21

Organelle

Question 22

So small that it can only be seen under a microscope

Answer 22

Microscopic

Question 23

A molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells

Answer 23

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

Question 24

A process where a cell engulfs and destroys foreign substances or dead cells

Answer 24

Phagocytosis

Question 25

A process that moves large molecules and waste out of a cell and into extracellular space

Answer 25

Exocytosis

Question 26

A process where a cell takes in extracellular fluids and dissolved molecules (cell drinking)

Answer 26

Pinocytosis

Question 27

Membrane-bound organelle in a cell that contains DNA, and chromosomes and acts as the control center

Answer 27

Nucleus/Nuclei

Question 28

A spherical organelle that has small dense structures that are composed of mainly RNA and protein

Answer 28

Nucleolus/Nucleoli

Question 29

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low is called

Answer 29

Diffusion

Question 30

Facilitated Diffusion is also known as?

Answer 30

Facilitation transport