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Cell Biology- Samiyah > Cell Adhesion > Flashcards

Cell Adhesion Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cell adhesion

A
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2
Q

What would happen if there was no cell adhesion and why is cell adhesion needed

A

Needed for cell recognition and tissue formation
Also needed for cell organisation, resistance and strength, barrier formation, communication with surrounding cells and the ECM

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3
Q

What effects can cell adhesion have on a cell

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4
Q

What is cell adhesion involved in

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5
Q

How is cell adhesion involved in multicellularity

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6
Q

What are the 4 different types of adhesion structures

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7
Q

What is the basic structure of the epithelia

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8
Q

Label the different parts of this cell junction in epithelia

A
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9
Q

What are homophilic interactions and why are they useful

A

one type of adhesion molecule will only adhere to the same type of adhesion molecule
E.g cadherins on one cell interact with cadherins on another cell
Useful as it helps cells of the same type to stick together which helps form tissue

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10
Q

What are heterophillic interactions

A

One type of adhesion molecule will interact with a different type of adhesion molecule

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of desmosomes

A

are specialized cell structures that function primarily to provide strong adhesion between cells in tissues that experience considerable mechanical stress, such as the skin, heart, and certain epithelial tissues

Uses desmosomal cadherins for adhesion
Attached to intermediate filaments
Used for strength, durability and signalling

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of adherens junctions

A

Cell to cell adhesion
Cadherins used for adhesion
Attatched to actin filaments
Used for shape, tension and signalling

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of hemidesmosomes

A

Adhesion between cell and ECM
Integrin used for adhesion
Attached to intermediate filaments
Used for shape, rigidity and signalling

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14
Q

What is the structure of an adheren junction

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15
Q

What is the structure of desmosomes

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16
Q

Which cell adhesion molecules undergo homophillic interactions

A

Cadherins (E-cadherins)
CAMs (cell adhesion molecules)

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17
Q

Which cell adhesion molecules undergo heterophillic interactions

A

Integrins
Selectins

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18
Q

What is the structure of a classical cadherin polypeptide

A

Blue= cadherin domain

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19
Q

How do cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins on another cell

A
20
Q

What is the function of calcium in cadherins

A
21
Q

What are the 4 types of classical cadherins q

A
22
Q

Where are the main location of the classical cadherins

A
23
Q

What happens if the 4 types of cadherins are inactivated in mice (E, N, P and VE respectively)

A
24
Q

What is a characteristic of cell adhesion

A

It’s dynamic
Adhesion protein gene expression changes over time and adhesions assemble and disassemble

25
Q

At is an adherin junction

A
26
Q

How do adherens work and what do they do

A

‘

27
Q

What is the function of adherens

A
28
Q

What can changes in cell adhesion do

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29
Q

What is integrin and how does its structure relate to its function

A
30
Q

How does integrin interact with the cell and the ECM

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31
Q

Give some examples of integrins and the ligand it binds to

A
32
Q

What is the phenotype when the alpha subunit of each type of integrin is mutated, respective to this order:

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33
Q

What is the phenotype when the beta subunit of each type of integrin is mutated, respective to this order:

A
34
Q

How can integrin be activated

A

Integrin can be activated from two directions, from the inside by the regulated binding of proteins to the cytoplasmic tails, and from the outside by multivalent ligand binding

35
Q

What happens when an extra cellular ligand binds to integrin

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36
Q

Label the different parts of integrin on this diagram

A
37
Q

How can integrin be activated ‘inside-out’ (activated from the inside)

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38
Q

What are igCAMS

A
39
Q

What is the function of Ig-CAMS

A
40
Q

What is the structure of Ig-CAMS

A

Orange = type III fibronectin repeat
Green= Ig domain

41
Q

What is the structure of integrins

A

Blue= cadherin domain
Red= lectin domain
Orange= type III fibronectin repeat

42
Q

What is the structure of selectins

A

Red= lectin domain
Orange= type III fibronectin repeat

43
Q

What is the function of selectins

A
44
Q

What are transient interactions

A

involve protein interactions that are formed and broken easily

45
Q

What is blood rolling

A

Leukocyte rolling describes the low affinity adhesive interaction between leukocytes and the vascular endothelium whereby the force of blood flow induces a rotational motion (i.e., rolling) of the leukocyte along the vascular wall.

46
Q

How are selectins involved in blood rolling

A

selectins mediate leukocyte capture and rolling along the vessel wall whereas interactions between integrins and Ig superfamily members arrest rolling cells and mediate firm adhesion

Cell Biology- Samiyah (17 decks)

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