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Cell Biology- Samiyah > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is cancer

A
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2
Q

What is genomic instability

A

Lots of mutations

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3
Q

Why isn’t cell division in a tumour completely uncontrollable

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4
Q

How do cancer cells invade

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5
Q

What is metastasis and describe the process of metastasis

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6
Q

What do tumours rely on

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of tumours

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8
Q

What are the different types of cancer

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9
Q

What are the causes of cancer

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10
Q

How can genetic change cause cancer

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11
Q

What are the different types of mutations

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12
Q

What is the link between cancer and age

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13
Q

What is meant by the clonal origin of cancer

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14
Q

What is the structure of a retrovirus

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15
Q

What do retroviral oncogenes do

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16
Q

What does E7 do in HPV

17
Q

What does E6 do

18
Q

What does p53 do

19
Q

What is E6 and E7

A

Viral oncoproteins

They bind to Rb and p53, inhibiting them

20
Q

What are the 2 types of cancer causing mutations

21
Q

What is an oncogene

A

an oncogene is a mutated gene which could cause cancer by causing the cell to divide uncontrollably
• Before an oncogene becomes mutated its called a proto-oncogene

22
Q

What is a proto- oncogene

A

• Proto-oncogene regulates normal cell division
• Proto oncogenes code for proteins that stimulate cell growth and division

23
Q

What happens if p53 is inhibited

A

The mutated cell can’t be apoptosed or undergo cell cycle arrest
Therefore the mutated cell can divide which could lead to the development of a tumour

24
Q

What happens if Rb is inactivated

A

• Inactivating Rb increases cell division as Rb wont be able to bind to E2F

25
How do retroviruses work
• when it infects a cell its RNA is converted to DNA via reverse transcription • The viral DNA is then inserted into the hosts genome where it can be inherited by daughter cells when the infected cell dies
26
What is v-src
v-Src in the viral DNA is an oncogene which causes the infected cell to become cancerous
27
What does v-Ras do
• an oncogene called v-Ras can cause tumours • It was derived by a mutation from a normal human gene, from a family of proto-oncogenes called Ras • the Ras oncogenes from an tumours contain point mutations which created a hyperactive Ras protein that can’t hydrolyse its bound GTP to GDP - this makes the effect of the Ras protein dominant (only one mutated allele is needed for this to occur)
28
What does a tumour suppressor gene do
Inhibit cell division and tumour development
29
What happens if a tumour suppressor gene is mutated
A mutated tumour suppressor gene - the protein is codes for isn’t produce or doesn’t work properly which could lead to uncontrolled cell division as the protein it codes for is used to stop cell division/ regulate it E.g is p53

Cell Biology- Samiyah (17 decks)

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