Cell Flashcards
Contains DNA, Histones & Chromosomes; has nucleolus
Nucleus
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Involve in detoxification, lipid synthesis, lipid soluble substances; water-soluble substances
Agranular or smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
For synthesis of proteins bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, outside of the cell
Ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
For synthesis of proteins bound for the cytoplasm and mitochondria
Free-floating Ribosomes
For packaging, molecular tagging, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid & chondroitin sulfate
Golgi Apparatus
Replenishes the cell membrane; may contain proenzymes, NT’s
Secretory Vesicles
For regression of tissues and Autolysis; Suicide bags of the cells
Lysosomes
Degrade membrane-associated proteins; not membrane-bound
Proteosome
Contains oxidases, catalases; for detoxification
Peroxisome
Site of transcription and processing of rRNA
Nucleolus
Location of Electron Transport Chain
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
Unique about the mitochondria
Contains mitochondrial DNA that is maternally-derived and does not follow genetic code
RER & SER are abundant in which organ?
Liver
Subunits of Ribosomes
Prokaryotes: 30s, 50sEukaryotes: 40s, 60s
Specialized SER in skeletal muscle
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Specialized SER in Neurons
Nissl Substance
Only substance modified in the RER and not in Golgi Apparatus
Collagen
Added to lysosome-bound proteins by the golgi apparatus
Mannose-6-phosphate
Lysosomes come from what organelle?
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes come from what organelle?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Wear-and-tear pigment that accumulates in lysosomes?
Lipofuscin
Motor protein causing transport from center of the cell to the periphery
Kinesin
Motor protein causing transport from periphery of the cell to the center
Dynein
Which anti-tumor drugs target the microtubules during mitosis?
Vincristine, Taxol
Disease with Dynein missing in cilia and flagella
Kartagener’s Syndrome (Situs Inversus, Bronchiectasis, Infertility)
What is the explanation for Situs Inversus in Kartagener’s Syndrome?
Defective primary cilia
Disk-shaped; for firm intercellular adhesions
Macula densa (Desmosomes)
Ring-shaped; increases surface area for contact
Zonula adherens (Fascia adherens)
Reticular pattern; divides cell into apical and basolateral side
Zonula occludens (Tight junctions)
For intercellular communication
Gap junctions
Functional unit of Gap junctions
Connexon
Movement of substances in both the apical and basolateral side
Transcellular Transport
Movement of substances between cells through tight junctions
Paracellular Transport
Guardian of the cell that divides the body into ECF and ICF compartments
Cell membrane
Mainly determines membrane fluidity and permeability to water soluble structure
Cholesterol
Anchors protein to outer leaflet
Glycolipid: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)
Which disease involves a mutation in a gene of Chromosome 7 that encodes for an ABC transporter called CFTR?
Cystic Fibrosis
Endocytosis: For proteins; requires ATP and extracellular calcium
Pinocytosis
Endocytosis: usually receptor-mediated; usually by WBC’s and macrophages; for larger substances like bacteria, cell debris, dead cell
Phagocytosis
Secretion of Hormones, Neurotransmitters from intracellular vesicles (mediated by SNARE proteins); results in excretion of Residual Body
Exocytosis
Predominant Cation in ECF
Na+ (Sodium)
Predominant Anion in ECF
Cl- (Chloride)
Predominant Cation in ICF
K+ (Potassium)
Predominant Anion in ICF
PO4- (Phosphate)