Cell

Question 1

A structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. [found in: plants, fungi, bacteria, algae]

Answer 1

Cell wall

Question 2

The fluid, jelly-like substance that fills the cell. It’s mostly made of water. [in ALL cells]

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

A protective layer that covers the cell’s surface and controls what moves in and out of the cell. [in ALL cells]

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

A large organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell’s DNA/chromosomes/genetic material.

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Organelles in plant cells that trap sunlight; organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. [CO2 + H2O + sunlight –> sugar]

Answer 5

Chloroplast

Question 6

Organelles in plant cells that trap sunlight; organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. [CO2 + H2O + sunlight –> sugar]

Answer 6

Chloroplast

Question 7

Structures in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells made of DNA (–> which has instructions for making proteins) [DNA in ALL cells]

Answer 7

Chromosome

Question 8

An organelle that makes proteins. [in ALL cells]

Answer 8

Ribosome

Question 9

An organelle that makes proteins. [in ALL cells]

Answer 9

Ribosome

Question 10

The organelle that digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. Found in animal cells and NOT plant cells.

Answer 10

Lysosomes

Question 11

The organelles that that break down food/sugar to release energy [sugar + oxygen –> ENERGY + CO2 + H2O]

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

The organelles that that break down food/sugar to release energy [sugar + oxygen –> ENERGY + CO2 + H2O]

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

The organelle that transports proteins around the cell.

Answer 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

The organelle that transports proteins around the cell.

Answer 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

The organelle that packages proteins before they leave the cell.

Answer 15

Golgi body

Question 16

The organelle that packages proteins before they leave the cell.

Answer 16

Golgi body

Question 17

The organelle that stores water and other materials. It is very large in plant cells

Answer 17

Vacuole

Question 18

A darkened area inside the nucleus which stores materials that will be used to make ribosomes.

Answer 18

Nucleolus

Question 19

A darkened area inside the nucleus which stores materials that will be used to make ribosomes.

Answer 19

Nucleolus

Question 20

a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles [example: bacteria, algae]

Answer 20

Prokaryotes

Question 21

an organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus [examples: animals, plants, fungi, protists]

Answer 21

Eukaryotes

Question 22

a small body in a cell’s cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function (EX: nucleus, Golgi, ribosome, etc.)

Answer 22

Organelle

Question 23

a small body in a cell’s cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function (EX: nucleus, Golgi, ribosome, etc.)

Answer 23

Organelle

Question 24

Phase between two M (MITOSIS) Phase, >95% of cell cycle
G1, S and G2

Answer 24

Interphase

Question 25

-Cell is metabolically active and grows -Organelles duplicate

Answer 25

G1 phase

Question 26

- DNA Replication -Chromosome number remains the same, DNA amount doubles - Centriole duplicates - Synthesis of histone proteins

Answer 26

S (synthesis) phase

Question 27

Protein synthesis for mitosis

Answer 27

G2 phase

Question 28

Protein synthesis for mitosis

Answer 28

G2 phase

Question 29

-Equational division - Karyokinesis- Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase -Cytokinesis

Answer 29

M (Mitosis) phase

Question 30

Chromosome condense Centrosome move to opposite poles ER, Golgi bodies, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear

Answer 30

Prophase

Question 31

Sister chromatids visible, chromosomes are studied at this stage Spindle fibres attached to kinetochore present at centromeres Chromosomes get aligned at the equator

Answer 31

Metaphase

Question 32

Sister chromatids split and move to opposite poles

Answer 32

Anaphase

Question 33

Chromosomes lose their discrete identity and form clusters Nuclear envelop develops around each cluster forming daughter nuclei Nucleolus, ER, Golgi complex reappear

Answer 33

Telophase

Question 34

Mitochondria, plastids, etc. get distributed in daughter cells. In plants, wall formation starts in the middle as cell-plate. Furrow method in animal cells

Answer 34

Cytokinesis

Question 35

Multinucleate cell resulting from absence of cytokinesis after karyokinesis. E.g. Multinucleate, liquid endosperm in coconut

Answer 35

Syncytium

Question 36

Multinucleate cell resulting from absence of cytokinesis after karyokinesis. E.g. Multinucleate, liquid endosperm in coconut

Answer 36

Syncytium

Question 37

Meiosis I and meiosis II DNA replication only occurs once. Chromosome number is halved in daughter cells

Answer 37

Meiosis

Question 38

Meiosis I and meiosis II DNA replication only occurs once. Chromosome number is halved in daughter cells

Answer 38

Meiosis

Question 39

Prophase 1

Answer 39

Leptotene Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene Diakinesis

Question 40

Prophase 1

Answer 40

Leptotene Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene Diakinesis

Question 41

Pairing of homologous chromosomes Synapsis and formation of synaptonemal complex Bivalent or tetrad chromosomes

Answer 41

Zyogotene

Question 42

Crossing over and recombination

Answer 42

Pachytene

Question 43

Crossing over and recombination

Answer 43

Pachytene

Question 44

Chiasmata Can last up to years in vertebrate oocytes.

Answer 44

Diplotene

Question 45

Separation of homologous chromosomes Sister chromatids remain attached

Answer 45

Anaphase 1

Question 46

Separation of homologous chromosomes Sister chromatids remain attached

Answer 46

Anaphase 1

Question 47

Inactive stage after G1, in cells that do not divide frequently, e.g. heart cells

Answer 47

G0 (quiescent stage)

Question 48

only some particles enter and exit the cell

Answer 48

Semipermeable

Question 49

only some particles enter and exit the cell

Answer 49

Semipermeable

Question 50

maintain homeostasis and regulate what comes in and out of the cell

Answer 50

Cell membrane

Question 51

movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Answer 51

Diffusion

Question 52

movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Answer 52

Diffusion

Question 53

the movement of water from a high to low concentration

Answer 53

Osmosis

Question 54

the use of a carrier protein to move substances from a high to low concentration

Answer 54

facilitated diffusion

Question 55

a type of movement the does not require energy, moves substances down the gradient from a high to low concentration

Answer 55

passive transport

Question 56

a type of movement the does not require energy, moves substances down the gradient from a high to low concentration

Answer 56

passive transport

Question 57

a type of movement that requires energy, moves substances against the gradient from low to high

Answer 57

active transport

Question 58

a type of movement that requires energy, moves substances against the gradient from low to high

Answer 58

active transport

Question 59

equal(same) movement of water in and out of the cell

Answer 59

Isotonic

Question 60

equal(same) movement of water in and out of the cell

Answer 60

Isotonic

Question 61

less water outside the cell so water leaves the cell and the cell shrinks

Answer 61

Hypertonic

Question 62

less water outside the cell so water leaves the cell and the cell shrinks

Answer 62

Hypertonic

Question 63

more water outside the cell so water enters the cell and the cell swells

Answer 63

Hypotonic

Question 64

large particles(food or bacteria) are surrounded and engulfed by the cell membrane

Answer 64

Phagocytosis

Question 65

large particles(food or bacteria) are surrounded and engulfed by the cell membrane

Answer 65

Phagocytosis

Question 66

liquid is brought in by a vesicle

Answer 66

pinocytosis

Question 67

cell deposits particles outside the cell

Answer 67

exocytosis

Question 68

cell deposits particles outside the cell

Answer 68

exocytosis

Question 69

active transport examples

Answer 69

endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 70

passive transport examples

Answer 70

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion