Cell Flashcards
basic unit of life
cell
used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork and founder of cell theory
robert hook
was first to view organisms
Leeuwenhoek
concluded that all animals were made of cells and cofounder of cell theory
theodore schwann
cells dividing
rudolf virchow
demonstrates that the cell membrane in physical structure
janet plowe
1945
world war 2 ends
proposes that organelles were once free
lynn margulis
1931
janet plowe
1970
lynn margulis
1673
leeuwenhoek
1839
theodore schwann
1855
rudolf virchow
1665
robert hook
all living things are made of cells
cell theory
basic unit of life
structure and function
cell division
reproduction of existing cells
cells that lacks nucleus, simple type of cells
prokaryote
cells that have nucleus, more complex type of cells
eukaryotes
3 basic cell structure of eukaryote
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm with organelles
composed of double layer f phospholipids and proteins
cell or plasma membrane
proteins help move large molecules or aid in cell recognition
cell membrane proteins
Make up a bilayer where the head points outward and the tails point inward toward each
other
phospholipids
heads of phospholipids
attract water
tails of phospholipids
repel water
gel-like mixture
cytoplasm
helps maintain cell shape
cytoskeleton
found only in animal cells
centrioles
power house of the cell and generates cellular energy (ATP)
mitochondrion
system of structures of different shapes
endomembrane system
network of hollow membrane tubules
endoplasmic reticulum
has ribosomes on its surface
rough er
a part of the er and lacks ribosomes
smooth er
makes proteins
ribosomes
moves materials in and out of cell
golgi bodies
digestive plant for proteins
lysosome
protein packaging plant
golgi bodies
sacs for storage
vacuoles
function in moving cells
cilia and flagella
shorter, cilia or flagella?
cilia
longer, cilia or flagella?
flagella
envelope
nuclear membrane
allows passage in and out
nuclear pores
inside the nucleus
nucleoplasm
where rNa is made
nucleolus
under the form of chromatin
dna
controls the normal activities of the cell
nucleus
double membrane
nuclear membrane
made of dna, found in nucleus
chromosomes
what does dna do?
hereditary material of the cell
found inside the nucleus
nucleolus
protection against tension and compression
extracellular matrix (ecm)
connection of cells
cell junctions
the most apical junction
occluding junction
zonula adherentes and macula adherens
adhering
gap junctions
communicating junctions
adheren meaning
desmosomes
prevents leaking between cells
tight junctions
spot welds in muscles
desmosomes
allow some substances in and out of cell
selective permeability
distinguish between self and non self
immunity
immune cells squeeze
change in shape
doesnt use energy
passive
requires energy
active
low to high
active
high to low
passive
solute when in solution
diffusion
transport of solvent molecules
osmosis
transport of solute with help from membrane proteins
facilitated diffusion
the higher the temperature, the faster the diffusion
temperature
the smaller the molecules, the faster
size of the molecules
the diffusion of water molecules (solvent)
osmosis
solution with a higher concentration of solutes
Hypertonic
solution with a lower concentration of solutes
Hypotonic
solution with a balance concentration of solute and solvent
Isotonic
A process in which molecules move against the concentration gradient across the cell
membrane with expenditure of energy.
active transport
Moving big particles, fragments of cells
bulk transport
when big molecules/particles are brought inside
Phagocytosis
when large amount of liquid in brought in
Pinocytosis
when only specific molecules enter the cell
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
taking them out the cell
Exocytosis
