CELL

Question 1

The smallest part of an organism

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Two major classes of cells

Answer 2

• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes

Question 3

-DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell.
- Contain membrane-bound organelles which include mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi Complex
-Cell division involve mitosis

Answer 3

Eukaryotes

Question 4

-DNA is not enclosed within the membrane
- Lack-membrane-enclosed organelles
-Usually divide by binary fission

Answer 4

Prokaryotes

Question 5

have a membrane-bound nucleus and a number of other membrane-bound subcellular (internal) organelles, each of
which has a specific function.

Answer 5

Eukaryotic Cells

Question 6

• Structure: This can be seen between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
  where the other cellular elements are
  embedded.
• Function: It is responsible for various
  cellular processes.

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

are membrane-bound
structures that carry out specific cell
metabolic activities.

Answer 7

Organelles

Question 8

provides support for organelles
and serves as the viscous fluid medium.

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

• Structure: It is enclosed within a double membrane called a nuclear envelope ;contains nucleolus
• Function: It contains the DNA that
  serves as the genetic material for
  directing protein synthesis.

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

It consists of RNA and
proteins which function in ribosomal
unit assembly.

Answer 10

Nucleolus

Question 11

It surrounds the
chromatin and the nucleoli.

Answer 11

Nucleoplasm

Question 11

• Structure: Phospholipid bilayer
  containing cholesterol, proteins and some carbohydrates; forms a
  selectively permeable boundary of the
  cell.
• Functions: Acts as a physical barrier to
  enclose cell contents; regulates material movement into and out of the
  cell; functions in cell communication

Answer 11

Plasma membrane

Question 12

• Structure: Double -membrane-bound
  organelles containing a circular strand of
  DNA
• Function: It is responsible for the
  production of energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

Structure: Series of several elongated,
flattened saclike membranous structures
* Functions: Modifies, packages, and sorts
materials, that arrive from the endoplasmic reticulum in transport vesicles

Answer 13

Golgi Apparatus

Question 14

■ Structure: Extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape ; ribosomes attached on the cytoplasmic surfaces

• Ribosomes are involved in the protein synthesis.

■ Functions: Modifies, transports, and stores proteins produces by attached ribosomes

Answer 14

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

■ Structure : Extensive interconnected membrane network lacking ribosome

Answer 15

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

• Structure: Spherical shaped
  membrane-bound -organelles formed
  from the golgi apparatus; contain
  digestive enzymes
• Function: Digest microbes or materials
  by the cell

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

• Structure: similar to the lysosome
• Function: it contains enzymes
  involved in the metabolism of
  hydrogen peroxide

Answer 17

Peroxisomes

Question 18

• Structure: Organized network of protein
  filaments
• Function: Maintains integral structural
  support and organization of cells

Answer 18

Cytoskeleton

Question 19

⚬ It is the longer phase of the cell cycle where the cell is active and preparing for cell division.

Answer 19

Interphase

Question 20

each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at the
centromere.

Answer 20

Prophase

Question 21

chromosomes align at the center of the cell

Answer 21

Metaphase

Question 22

chromatids separate at the centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Answer 22

Anaphase

Question 23

two new nuclei assume their normal structure, and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells.

Answer 23

Telophase

Question 24

the movement of a substance from an area of its higher concentration
to an area of its lower concentration

Answer 24

Diffusion

Question 25

refers to the bulk movement of substance out of the cell by the
fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

Answer 25

Exocytosis

Question 26

refers to bulk movement of substance into the cells by vesicles forming at the plasma membrane.

Answer 26

Endocytosis